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THE GARFIELD MEMORIAL 



artre!:. -)Aa_"k"on^\ memorial •a^so<^-ardou 

THE MAN 

AND 

THE MAUSOLEUM 

DEDICATION 
OF THE 

GARFIELD MEMORIAL 
STRUCTURE 

IN 

CLEVELAND, OHIO 

MAY 30, 1890 



PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 

THE GARFIELD MEMORIAL COMMITTEE 

Reprinted 192^ 



,Cg (J 2.5" 



Copyright 1890, 
By Garfield Memorial Association 




The Garfield National Memorial Association 



Ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes President. 

J. H. Wade Vice-President. 

T. P. Handy Vice-President. 

Amos Townsend Secretary. 

National Bank of Commerce Treasurer. 

Amos Townsend, 
J. H. Wade 
T. P. Handy, 
H. B. Payne, 
James Barnett, 



Executive Committee. 



Trustees, April 1, 1889 

Charles Foster, Rutherford B. Hayes, 

J. H. Wade, H. B. Payne, 

James G. Blaine, Amos Townsend, 

John Hay, J. H. Rhodes, 

T. P. Handy, Dan P. Eells, 

William Bingham, J. B. Parsons, 

James Barnett, ' ' W. S. Streator, 

H. C. White. 



INTRODUCTORY 



THE delicate but sublime enterprise intrusted to and 
accepted by the Garfield Memorial Association, nearly 
a decade since, having been consummated in the construc- 
tion and dedication of the Memorial to the honor and 
memory of James Abram Garfield, the Trustees have 
deemed it a duty, alike to the States and the people who 
contributed thereto, to submit the following brief his- 
torical statement of the manner in which they have exe- 
cuted the sacred trust. This duty has been made to them 
more apparent and seemingly necessitated since the dedi- 
cation, by inquiry and solicitation for some definite and 
permanent record of the event, not only by those who par- 
ticipated in the ceremonies of the occasion, but also of the 
many whose distance precluded their personal presence, 
though with us in spirit. 

The tragic death of the President of the United States, 
the public expressions of grief and lamentation throughout 
the civilized world, the congressional obsequies, the long 
funeral train, the return and entombment, still vividly 
remembered, and the construction and dedication of his 
Mausoleum, are each and all herein illustrated and de- 
scribed. 

The structure is believed to be universally regarded 
as truly imposing, both in magnitude and loftiness of situa- 
tion, and a marvel of elaborate artistic external and in- 
ternal decoration. It has been said to be the first real 
Mausoleum ever erected to the honor and memory of an 
American statesman, and the fourth of like structures 
known in history. 



The most famous memorial of antiquity was the re- 
nowned structure erected by Artemisia, an Asiatic queen, 
to King Mausolus, her husband, at Halicarnassus, over- 
looking the JEgean, as ours overlooks an inland sea. It 
was a structure so vast and elegant as to be deemed one 
of the seven wonders of the world. Poets and orators com- 
peted in composing eulogiums at the dedication, four 
hundred years before the Christian era. 

While Rome holds the matchless column of Trajan, 
and the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, it has but 
two memorial structures worthy the name of the Oriental 
model — the Mausoleum of Metellus, on the Appian Way, 
and that of Hadrian, on the Tiber. 

And now that ancient memorial art has been revived 
in the construction of a true Mausoleum, the first in the 
history of the nation, in a manner equal to, and in some 
respects of beauty of embellishments surpassing ancient 
models, it will, we trust, forever continue an object of 
municipal regard and reverential pride of the people of the 
States contributing thereto in honor of the distinguished 
dead. Of the Trustees who devotedly carried on the work 
from its inception to its consummation, all survived to par- 
ticipate in the dedication ceremonies, saving Joseph Per- 
kins, one of the original Construction Committee, who de- 
parted life after five years of valuable counsel and earnest 
co-operation, and J. H. Rhodes, Trustee and Secretary, 
an early friend and college associate of the lamented Presi- 
dent, when the secretaryship devolved upon Hon. Amos 
Townsend. 

But hardly had the City been dismantled of the 
decorative emblems of the dedication, when the national 
banner drooped at half-mast, signaling to a sorrowing 
people the death of Jeptha H. Wade. His affectionate 
devotion to the Memorial enterprise, his liberal spirit and 
cultured taste, are largely manifest in the decorative 
beauties of the Mausoleum which will command the ad- 
miration of future generations. 



The descriptive account of the Dedication, the Grand 
Procession, and the Return and Entombment, is herein 
largely compiled from the admirable memorial editions of 
the Cleveland Leader of May 30 and 31. The historical 
and descriptive paper on the Mausoleum is illustrated by 
reproductions from photographs, all depicting the life of 
a pre-eminent American citizen — from the Cabin to the 
Capitol — from the Cradle to the Grave. 



The Compiler 



THE MAUSOLEUM 



HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE 



On the announcement of the death of President Gar- 
field at Elberon, New Jersey, September 19, 1881, the 
mayor of the city of Cleveland, Mr. R. R. Herrick called a 
meeting of the citizens to make suitable arrangements for 
the funeral ceremonies. By consent of the family, and in 
pursuance of the expressed wish of President Garfield in 
his lifetime, Lake View Cemetery was adopted as his last 
resting place. 

At this meeting Messrs. J. H. Wade, H. B. Payne and 
Joseph Perkins were appointed a committee to secure the 
erection of a monument or memorial to the deceased 
President. Mr. J. H. Rhodes was elected by the committee 
to act as Secretary. 

On Monday, September 26th they sent by the Asso- 
ciated Press the following address: 

To THE People of the United States: 

The movement to secure funds for the erection of a 
monument over the grave of James A. Garfield is being 
responded to from all sections of the country, East, West, 
South and North. In order to make it popular and suc- 
cessful it is desirable and will be necessary for the citizens 
of the different States and Territories immediately to 
organize. The Committee hereby requests all National 
banks, private banks, savings banks, newspapers and post- 
masters to call attention to the movement by posting 
notice and otherwise, and to receive contributions and 
remit the same to the Second National Bank of Cleveland, 
Ohio, which will be designated as treasurer of the fund; 

15 



also to send names and post office address of all contribu- 
tors. 

All contributions will be receipted by the Second 
National Bank. 

J. H. Wade, 
H. B. Payne, 
Joseph Perkins, 
J. H. Rhodes, Secretary. Committee. 

Thereupon and for a period of two years afterward, 
the work of securing and collecting voluntary subscrip- 
tions for the erection of a memorial to James A. Garfield 
was prosecuted in various ways, involving much labor, 
zeal and judgment as to the methods. A series of 
lithographic receipts of different sizes and denominations, 
containing portraits of James A. Garfield, Eliza Ballou 
Garfield, his mother, and his widow, Lucretia R. Garfield 
were forwarded, in response to contributors and orders 
for same, to all the States and Territories of the Union, 
as well as to foreign countries. The responses from all 
sections were generous and prompt, showing how wide- 
spread was the grief of Garfield's fellow countrymen 
over his untimely and tragic death. The citizens of 
Cleveland were especially public-spirited and generous 
in their contributions, which in all aggregated over 
$75,000, a large portion of which was in sums from $100 
to $1000 each. 

The trustees of the Association, before adopting any 
design and with a view to an impartial and right conclu- 
sion, called to their assistance two eminent, competent 
and disinterested architects to aid them. Mr. Henry Van 
Brunt, of Boston, and Mr. Calvert Vaux, of New York 
City, were the experts chosen. These two came, singly 
and at separate times, to Cleveland, made a careful and 
independent examination and reported their decision to 
the trustees, without any knowledge of the authors of the 
designs or of each other's conclusions. Both experts 
singled out the design of George Keller, of Hartford, Conn., 
for the first prize. 

17 



On the 2ist of July the design of Mr. Keller was ac- 
cordingly adopted, and he was thereupon appointed archi- 
tect of the Memorial. 

The design was but a slight sketch or study, drawn to 
a very small scale, but sufficiently in detail to give a gen- 
eral idea of the proposed Memorial, in the development of 
which Mr. Keller was allowed ample latitude. He felt 
that here was an opportunity given him not only to erect 
an imposing monument, but to do something for the ad- 
vancement of art in America. To this end he visited, in 
the Fall of 1884, many of the famous monuments of 
Europe, of both ancient and modern times, and in study- 
ing them improved and perfected his design. 

In October, 1885, the contract for all of the cut stone 
and mason work was awarded to Thomas Simmons, of 
Cleveland, and the work of excavation for the foundation 
begun. Before any of the foundation stones were laid the 
trenches were inspected by several distinguished engineers 
and approved by them. As the work progressed, criti- 
cisms on the foundations were made, to the effect that 
they were not sufficiently secure and rested on perishable 
surface. These criticisms resulted in the appointment of a 
committee of three, by the Civil Engineers' Club, of 
Cleveland, who, with the aid of Architect Keller, thoroughly 
investigated the subject, and, on June 8th, 1886, the 
committee made report that the weight of the structure 
was not nearly so great as had been represented, and that 
it was not at all likely to settle by reason of insecurity of 
the foundations. A special report was also made by Gen. 
W. J. Mc Alpine, Engineer of New York City, the highest 
authority in the country on foundations, in which he 
declared the foundations ''to be entirely safe against un- 
equal or objectionable settlement." Thus ended the 
criticisms of the foundation. 

At the annual meeting in 1886, after the above ex- 
aminations and reports had been made, Mr. Keller sub- 
mitted to the Board of Trustees a modified plan of the 
Memorial, with a view to still further improve the design 

18 



so as to have less the appearance of a tower or observatory 
and to give it a more tomb-Hke character, befitting its 
purpose. The proposed modification was fully considered 
and discussed, and was unanimously adopted by the 
Board. The Memorial, as it now stands completed, testi- 
fies to the wisdom of this decision, for there is nowhere in 
the country one approaching it in monumental effect. 

The Memorial is situated in Lake View Cemetery, in 
the suburbs of Cleveland, on a high ridge of ground over- 
looking a region of country closely associated with Gar- 
field's memory. It is a striking feature in the landscape, 
a landmark visible from afar and one that will always live 
in the memory. It is built of the native sandstone of 
Ohio, and its form is large and imposing — a circular tower 
fifty feet in diameter, rising boldly in the air to its summit, 
180 feet from the ground. It is elevated on a broad stone 
terrace, which is reached by a flight of wide spreading 
steps that form a dignified approach to the Memorial. 

At the base of the tower projects a square porch, 
decorated externally with an historical frieze which is 
within easy view from the terrace and ground. This frieze 
is divided into panels containing life-sized bas reliefs that 
represent in a language understood by all, the career of 
Garfield, as a Teacher, a Statesman, a Soldier, a Presi- 
dent, and the last panel represents his body lying in state 
in the Rotunda at the Capitol. 

The life of Garfield, not unlike that of many distin- 
guished Americans, was full of variety, showing nearly all 
the characteristics of our national life, and those the 
sculptor, Mr. Casper Buberl, has cleverly reproduced. 

The five panels contain over one hundred figures, all 
life-size, and present an epitome of Garfield's life in a most 
graphic manner. The first panel shows him as a young 
man in the middle of a country school room teaching the 
boys of his neighborhood. On the wall hangs a map of 
the United States, and a portrait of George Washington. 
An outline of the Hartford Soldiers' Memorial Arch, 
drawn on a blackboard, is a reminder that Ohio was 

20 



formerly a part of the Western Reserve of Connecticut. 
One boy recites his lessons, another is at the blackboard, 
while the rest of the class is variously occupied at different 
tasks. The portrait of Garfield in this panel is an accurate 
copy of a photograph of him at that age, loaned for the 
purpose by Mrs. Garfield. 

The second panel is a brave and brilliant episode in 
the life of the dead general, where he rode to Gen. Thomas 
with a dispatch through a hail of death, and against the 
protests of Rosecrans, to accomplish one of the most 
dramatic incidents of the civil war, at the battle of Chick- 
amauga. 

Garfield as an orator the artist has portrayed in a very 
effective manner; he has happily chosen a peculiarly 
American custom for his subject, not representing him as 
addressing monotonous rows of congressmen in the repre- 
sentative chamber, delivering a formal address on some 
State occasion, but he has chosen to represent him as 
speaking to the people at an outdoor mass meeting, stir- 
ring them by the power of his oratory. He stands in the 
center of the composition on an impromptu platform, 
which is decorated with the American flag. Seated at his 
left hand are the chairman of the meeting and other 
prominent citizens, and on the right are the reporters, 
busily noting the words of his speech. This forms the 
central group of the composition. On either side of the 
platform are crowded the listening multitude, represent- 
ing all ranks of life, and in all stages of emotion, affected 
by the eloquence of the speaker. Some are thoughtful as 
if impressed by a deep feeling of what they hear; some are 
enthusiastically cheering, and wave their hats, while 
others look intently on the orator, unwilling to lose a word 
of his speech. Banners and mottoes are borne aloft, and 
the whole scene is alive with excitement, while in the 
center stands the manly form of Garfield, who seems to 
have just ended a stirring speech and waits for the ap- 
plause to subside. 

We have all witnessed such gatherings, and in looking 

22 



at the sculptor's work take an interested part in the repre- 
sentation. It appeals alike to the most critical and to the 
general public, which stamps it as a true work of art. 

The fourth panel, which occupies the position to the 
extreme right of the facade, is the crowning triumph in the 
career of this successful American. In the center is Chief 
Justice Waite and Garfield, one hand on the Bible and the 
right lifted to heaven, as he takes the oath of office. Be- 
hind him sit Ex-President Hayes, and Wheeler, and behind 
the Chief Justice, Arthur, soon to be elevated to the Presi- 
dency by the assassin's act. General Sherman, Blaine, 
Carl Schurz, Logan, Senator Sherman, Evarts, and other 
noted men are distinguished among the throng of people. 

The last panel represents the bier of the assassinated 
President, and is a composition that will touch the sensi- 
bilities of the coldest beholder. Death is the impressive 
incident. The grief of age, the tender sympathy of the 
child, the warmth of woman's sorrow, the sturdy pain of 
the old soldier, the tear of the young boy, the silent grief 
of the sentinel Knight — all is graphically portrayed. On 
each side of the porch bearing this decorated frieze, are 
staircase turrels that give access to a balcony which com- 
mands an extended view of the surrounding country. 

The tower itself is crowned with a conical-shaped 
stone roof, enriched with bands of sunken tile pattern 
ornaments. 

The porch is entered through a wide and richly dec- 
orated recessed portal, and within is a vaulted vestibule, 
with a pavement in stone mosaic, leading to a mortuary 
chapel which occupies the entire space enclosed by the 
outer circular walls of the tower. Those who have seen 
the shrine of Edward the Confessor, in Westminster 
Abbey; Thomas a Becket, at Canterbury, or Edward the 
VII's Chapel, can imagine how splendid they must have 
been in olden times. The Chapel of the Medice, in Flor- 
ence, is the richest interior in Italy, and the Albert Me- 
morial, at Windsor, is splendid in stained glass, sculpture 
and decoration. These are mentioned because there is a 



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THE GARFIELD STATUE 



popular idea that color and decoration are entirely out of 
place in a Memorial, and nothing but cold, white marble, 
black lines and general gloom should pervade such an 
interior.: 

The Chapel of the Garfield Memorial is glorious with 
stained glass, golden mosaic, and rich decorations in 
beautifully colored marbles. Here the architect has called 
to his assistance the artist, sculptor, mosaicist, and glass- 
worker, to carry out a complete scheme of polychromatic 
decoration, thus creating one of the richest interiors in the 
world. 

This Chapel or Memorial Hall is circular in form, and 
contains a marble statue of Garfield, standing on a pedestal 
in the very center of the chamber. Arranged in a semi- 
circle around the statue is a row of massive, deep red 
colored, polished granite columns, which support a dome 
that forms a noble canopy over the statue. A circular 
aisle extends around outside these columns, permitting 
the spettator to survey the statue from all points, and to 
study the story of a rich marble mosaic frieze which forms 
a band of color just above the circle of columns, having 
for its subject the Funeral Procession of the dead Presi- 
dent. 

It is sad to think of the ruin of Hunt's beautiful paint- 
ings, in the Albany capitol, which might have been pre- 
served to us, if they had been designed for and executed 
in a more monumental material than paint. Even the 
frescoes of Michael Angelo, in the Sistine Chapel; Giotto's 
frescoes, in Assisi, Padua and elsewhere, are in all stages 
of decay; and the historical paintings in the Palace of 
Westminster are rapidly going to ruin. 

On the other hand, the gold mosaics in St. Sophia, in 
Constantinople; in the Cathedral of Monreale, Sicily; in 
the Mausoleums, baptisteries and churches of Ravenna, 
Rome, and elsewhere throughout Italy, are as brilliant 
and fresh as they were a thousand years ago. ''Painting 
for Eternity," Michael Angelo exclaimed, as he gazed on 
these dazzling processions of saints and angels. Of Mosaic, 

27 



Sir Digby Wyatt says, the effect of splendid, luxurious, 
and at the same time solemn decoration, is unattainable 
by any other means which he has found employed in 
structural embellishment. Seeing this beautiful and en- 
during work abroad, and convinced that it was the only 
material to use in the most important part of the decora- 
tion of the Memorial, the architect was not deterred by its 
great cost, or the difficulties in procuring the right artists 
and workmen to execute it. 

Twenty-five years ago gold mosaic was a lost art, 
when a poor glass blower of the Island of Murano, near 
Venice, Lorenzo Radi, applied himself with great per- 
severance and intelligence to the improvement of enamel 
mosaics, and especially to the manufacture of gold mosaics. 
In Italy, and especially the island of Murano, the tradi- 
tions of the workers have been handed down from father 
to son for centuries, and have never altogether died out. 
Dr. Salviati, a lawyer of Venice, entered into an arrange- 
ment with Radi, and from this beginning the art of gold 
mosaic has been restored to us. 

The revival of marble mosaic as an adjunct to archi- 
tecture is even more recent than that of ceramic and glass 
mosaic. The kind of marble work practiced almost ex- 
clusively during the middle ages was the Opus Alexand- 
rium, in which every fragment was shaped into some regu- 
lar geometrical form; but of true marble mosaic, in which 
the fragments were of irregular shape and each fashioned 
by the workman as he required it. We can call to mind 
no later example than the Baths of Caracalla, at Rome, 
which date as far back as 211 A. D. But about twenty 
years ago an obscure body of Italian workmen commenced 
its reproduction, traveling about the various cities of 
Europe, like the Freemasons of the middle ages, wherever 
they could find employment, with very little organization 
and very small means. This work consisted chiefly of an 
imitation of the ancient opus incertum, that is, small 
irregular shaped fragments of various colored marbles, 
not combined into any particular pattern but with an eye 
to a pleasing combination and harmony of color, which 

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was surrounded by a border of more regular mosaic, also 
in marble, in which pictorial designs were introduced. 
These traveling workmen laid many pavements of this 
kind in Paris, Vienna, Pesth, Lyons and other towns in 
the south of France, before the value of their work began 
to be recognized. One singular fact in connection with 
this kind of work is that not only do all the good workmen 
come from Italy, but the best workmen are all from one 
particular province, that of Udine, north of Venice. It is 
only now and then that a Piedmontese, a Milanese, a 
Roman, or a Neapolitan can be taught to be a good 
mosaicist in this particular branch of the art. 

The processional frieze already referred to is entirely 
executed in stone mosaic, formed of different colored 
tesserae, the name given to the small pieces of stone of 
which the mosaic is composed. The ancients rarely, if ever, 
used stone mosaic for wall decorations where pictures or 
figures were introduced in the design. It may be con- 
sidered as a modern use of this beautiful material, and this 
frieze is the first work of the kind in this country to so 
large a scale. Indeed there are but few examples in Europe 
of such importance. 

The color of the ground of this frieze is a deep red, and 
the figures are of a cream or buff color in different shades, 
boldly outlined in black. Other colors are used sparingly 
for the hair, wreaths and elsewhere, to give effect to the 
composition — all the natural colors of the stones used. 
Over 200,000 tesserae were required to make this mosaic 
alone. 

The pavement surrounding the dais, on which the 
statue stands, is also executed in stone mosaic in beautiful 
patterns and color, and the dais is made of what is known 
as sectile mosaic, in which the elaborate design is made of 
rare and beautiful marbles shaped to the outline of the 
pattern and highly polished. 

The dome and the panels on the side wall, which 
correspond with the illuminated glass windows, are en- 
crusted with glass or Venitian mosaic on a golden ground. 

29 



This kind of mosaic admits of a much more brilliant color- 
ing than stone mosaic, as the pieces which make up the 
mosaic are made of colored glass. The gold pieces are 
made by applying a thin sheet of gold leaf over the glass 
and then spreading a film of glass over the gold, so that 
the gold is imprisoned between the two layers of glass. 
This broken into small cubes form the pieces of which the 
background is made. The luminous effect of this mosaic 
dome is beautiful as it gleams in different degrees of bright- 
ness, according to the curve of the surface, or the changing 
position of the observer. 

The central panel of the frieze, opposite the entrance, 
represents Columbia and her daughter States in attitudes 
of grief, grouped around the bier of the dead President. 
Right and left is a procession comprising all sorts and con- 
ditions of men, bringing their tributes of love and respect 
to lay them on the bier of General Garfield. To the 
spectator's right are Senators, Representatives, framers of 
the country's laws, preceded by an allegorical figure of 
"Law," followed in the next panel by "Justice," preceding 
a group of members of the Supreme Court. Beyond comes 
a figure of "Concord," emblematic of the sympathy felt 
by all nations of the world at the untimely fate of the 
illustrious statesman, the nations being indicated by 
ambassadors from Europe, Orientals, Indians and Pacific 
Islanders, in their distinctive costumes. 

Starting from the center again, to the spectator's left 
hand, we see "War," followed by types of the military and 
naval services, lowering the national banner at the feet of 
their lost commander. In the next panel "Literature," 
preceding the Author, the Lecturer, the Teacher and pupils 
of each sex. Next comes an allegorical figure of "Labor," 
bearing a spade and a steam engine, indicative of hand and 
machine labor, heading a group composed of artizan 
laborers, male and female, canal boatman, etc. The panel 
furthest from the center group symbolizes the distant parts 
of the Union, where a veteran of the war with his aged wife, 
unable in person to join the throng that wends its way to 

30 



the President's tomb, send a son as their delegate to deposit 
their offering of admiration and respect for the leader's 
memory. 

The dome, which is also inlaid with Venetian mosaic, 
in its entirety, is again significant of the sorrow of a whole 
people. In the alternative sections, at their proper car- 
dinal points, are winged figures of North, South, East and 
West; at the base is a band of wreaths, conjoined, corres- 
ponding in number to the States and Territories of the 
Union, on a ground of the red and white stripes of the 
American flag. These wreaths are alternately of laurel 
and immortelles, emblematic of earthly glory and heavenly 
immortality. The stars form a band in the upper portion 
of the dome. 

The ceiling of the circular isle outside the row of 
columns is also vaulted and decorated in color, and a high 
wainscoting in polished Numidian marble runs around the 
chamber beneath the rich stained glass windows, which 
stream a flood of mellow light over the whole interior. 

Over the entrance door are seated figures in glass 
mosaic of ''War" fully armed, and 'Teace" holding forth 
the olive branch. Underneath "War" and 'Teace" is the 
inscription, "Erected by a grateful County in memory of 
James Abram Garfield, 20th President of the United 
States of America, Scholar, Soldier, Statesman, Patriot; 
born 19th Nov., 1831; died 19th Sept. 1881." 

The four panels, two on either side of the door, to- 
gether with the ten windows, contain standing female 
figures with distinctive emblems, representing fourteen 
States of the Union, /. e., the thirteen original States and 
Ohio, the native State of General Garfield, the arms of 
each State being blazoned on a shield below the figures. 

The series commences on the proper left hand of 
Peace, with "Ohio," bearing a log cabin, where Garfield 
first saw light. The next window is dedicated to "New 
Hampshire," holding an axe at her feet, timber and rolls of 
cloth, products of the State. Then "Massachusetts," the 
center of literature, on her brow the poet's crown, and 

32 



bearing a scroll; by her side books and an early printing 
press. ''Rhode Island," decked with jewelry, the produce 
of her industry, and holding a jewel casket; cotton goods 
at her feet. "Connecticut," with the Charter Oak, globes 
and educational books, clocks, etc. "New York," in her 
left hand the statue of Liberty, in her right an ocean 
steamer; at her feet scales and other emblems of her com- 
mercial pre-eminence. "New Jersey," displaying a piece 
of silk, beside her specimens of pottery and glass. "Penn- 
sylvania," carrying a lamp and supporting a cog wheel, for 
her wealth in mineral oil, and her iron industries. "Dela- 
ware," bears a basket laden with fruit. "Virginia," the 
tobacco plant and bales of manufactured leaf. "North 
Carolina" exhibits rice and sugar-cane and southern fruits. 
"Georgia" is represented with a saw and pine tree, in 
allusion to her many saw-mills. ' 'Maryland' ' bears a model 
of the White House at Washington, the residence of Gar- 
field when he had risen from his humble origin to the First 
Citizen of the American Republic. 

The plain surfaces of the walls are painted to har- 
monize with the other decorations, and the mouldings and 
carved work are picked out with color and gold. The 
statue is made the soul of the monument. The whole de- 
sign leads up to and is concentrated in this central figure. 
The monument grows out of this kernel, as it were, which 
is enshrined in its heart, and the chapel surrounds and 
rises above it and proclaims it to the world. In the crypt, 
underneath the mortuary chapel, is placed the body of 
Garfield, away from the public gaze and safe from the 
invasion of that privacy which should always surround a 
place of sepulcher. 

Mr. Keller was ably assisted in his work on the Me- 
morial by John S. Chappele, architect, of London, and 
under whose supervision, during Mr. Keller's absence from 
this country, much of the mosaic and stained glass work 
was executed. Mr. Casper Buberl, of New York, was the 
sculptor of the exterior historical panels, which so tellingly 
illustrate the career of Garfield. The cartoons for all the 

35 



mosaic work and stained glass were made by H. Walter 
Lonsdale, an eminent artist living in London, but who was 
born in America. 

The mosaic work was executed by Messrs. Burke & 
Co., of London, Paris and New York. Messrs. Worrall & 
Co., of London, executed the stained glass. 

The chairman of the executive committee, Hon. J. H. 
Wade, has been from the beginning patient and untiring, 
and brought to the discharge of the arduous duties im- 
posed on him good common sense and sound judgment. 
To him is largely due the successful completion of the 
work. 

Finally, the central thought of the Memorial is the 
statue. An admirable likeness in pure white Carrara 
marble, mounted upon a black marble base. It is seven 
feet nine inches high, including the plinth, and the entire 
height of the statue and pedestal is twelve feet and three 
inches. Height was reduced some 20 inches by removal of 
lower base of black marble in 1891, and the weight of the 
whole is ten tons, and cost $10,000. It represents Garfield 
just risen in Congress, and standing in a characteristic 
position. The chair is carved from the same block as the 
statue, and is an exact representation of the one he occu- 
pied in Congress. Alexander Doyle, the designer, was 
born in Steuben ville, Ohio; began the study of sculpture 
in New York, spent several years in Italy, where he won 
an enviable professional reputation, and whose crowning 
triumph is here illustrated and perpetuated. 

In the Crypt underneath, is placed the Mortuary 
Chapel wherein lie the mortal remains of Garfield in a 
bronze casket, while nearby reposes the body of his wife 
Mrs. Lucretia Garfield, in the "long sleep which knows no 
waking," placed there nearly 37 years after the death of 
her husband. 

In a private room his mother's body was placed, at 
her own request in order that, as in life she had been almost 



39 



inseparable from him, so, in death she should still be near 
him. 

Here let them all rest undisturbed in the blessed hope 
of reunion and immortal life beyond the tomb. 



41 



THE DEDICATION 



PROGRAMME OF EXERCISES 



Early in the day people began to gather in Lake View 
Cemetery, but the crowd was not of large size, the great 
multitude preferring to see the procession as it passed along 
Euclid Avenue. The huge Memorial arch at the cemetery 
gates was simply decorated. Three flags were artistically 
bunched upon either tower, and from their lofty peaks 
fluttered large banners. The trees were out in full foliage, 
the fresh lawns were closely cut, and the cemetery, before 
it was invaded by the trampling feet of the crowds, was a 
picture of beauty. The Memorial structure itself was 
without outer decoration other than a large silk flag which 
majestically floated on the light breeze from a tall staff at 
the north end of the vestibule balcony, A flag was draped 
over the doorway between the vestibule and the Memorial 
shrine, on the inside. The shrine itself was simply but 
tastefully decked with flowers. Hanging baskets were sus- 
pended between the columns that support the dome over 
the statue, banks of flowers rested on the window ledges, 
and at the feet of the statue was placed a basket of ex- 
quisite red roses, brought by Mrs. Garfield, when she came 
to attend the dedication exercises. 

The speakers' stand and the singers' stand were north 
of the Memorial, the former facing the rear roadway. The 
space available for the audience was not large, but it was 
the best that the topography of the place afforded. Both 
stands were covered on the outside with red cloth, upon 
which were decorations of red, white and blue tissue paper 
in the form of swords, crosses, lyres. Masonic emblems, 
etc. Flags waved from standards placed at intervals on 
the outer rails. On the west side of the speakers' stand 

47 



were displayed the dates 1831 — 1881, those of Garfield's 
birth and death, and upon the singers' stand the words, 
"One Country, one Flag," and ''Welcome, Comrades." 
A beautiful bouquet of flowers was on the small table near 
the chairman's position, and at either front corner of the 
speakers' stand was a brass cannon, surrounded by foliage 
plants, its wheels trimmed with red, white and blue, and 
its mouth stopped by a ball of the same decorating ma- 
terial. 

Mrs. Garfield arrived at the cemetery some time in 
advance of the procession. With her were her sons, Harry, 
James, Irvine, and Abram, her daughter, Mrs. J. Stanley 
Brown, Mrs. Harry Garfield, Colonel and Mrs. Rockwell, 
General and Mrs. John Newell, and Miss Newell. They 
were given the place of honor directly in the rear of the 
presiding officer's chair. Mr. Rudolph, Mrs. Garfield's 
brother, was in the city, but marched in the procession 
with the veterans of the Forty-second regiment, of which 
he was a member. Mrs. Rudolph, with her two sons, re- 
mained in the city. The sky was slightly overcast with 
clouds, a cool breeze had sprung up, and the comfortable 
seats in the bright speakers' stand proved a very accept- 
able place in which to wait for the beginning of the exer- 
cises. Pending the coming of the distinguished guests who 
rode in the procession, the holders of the tickets for the 
speakers' stand took their seats. They were the members 
of Garfield Memorial Committees and their families and 
citizens who gave liberally to the Memorial Fund. 

When the head of the procession reached Lake View 
Cemetery a tremendous crowd stood at the gates, extend- 
ing down on Euclid Avenue on either side, in one solid 
mass, as far as the eye could reach. The people fell in at 
the rear of the procession and followed it toward the Me- 
morial, but not one-quarter of them went to the front of 
the stands to listen to the speakers. They dispersed about 
the cemetery, a large number were massed in front of the 
Memorial, and other great crowds followed the military 
division of the procession to its resting place. The throng 
in the cemetery, though an immense one, was not as large 

48 



as was expected, doubtless due to the fact that a great 
crush being feared, many contented themselves with 
merely viewing the procession from points of vantage. 
The audience that listened to the speeches and the dedica- 
tion was an immense one, nevertheless, extending beyond 
where the voice of the most robust orator could be heard. 
The roadway and bank in front of the stand were literally 
packed with people, the crowd extending far back into the 
grove. The esplanade of the Memorial and the space 
between it and the stand were densely crowded. 

The coming of the procession and the approach of the 
dedication ceremony was announced to those who were 
waiting by distant cheers and drum beats. Soon the 
column entered the cemetery and proceeded up the long 
driveway to the Memorial. First came the Veterans of the 
Forty-second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Gar- 
field's old command. There were one hundred and fifteen 
men in line under command of Captain C. E. Henry, who 
had come from Dallas, Tex., to help honor the memory of 
his old friend and commander. Chaplain Jones was also 
present. They marched around to the rear of the Memor- 
ial, headed by their old battle flags, and amid applause 
from the speakers' stand took possession of the bank di- 
rectly in front of it. The Grand Army Veterans were 
massed at the rear, and the old soldiers formed the front 
part of the great audience. The military companies turned 
to the south and occupied a large open space near the 
Memorial. There was a tremendous cheer when, at 10 
minutes past 3 o'clock. Colonel William Edwards was seen 
mounting the grand stand arm in arm with President 
Harrison. The cheers and hand clapping continued until 
the President had been seated. A half minute later Vice- 
President Morton came on the stand, closely followed by 
Secretary Windom, Postmaster-General Wanamaker, 
Attorney-General Miller, Secretary Rusk, ex-Postmaster- 
General James, and others. Just about this time there was 
a great outburst of cheers and applause. The uproar was 
deafening, and the air was filled with waving banners and 
uplifted hats. Hundreds rushed toward the platform 

49 



along which a tall, thin man, dressed in plain black and 
carrying a Derby hat in his hand was picking his way. 
The cheers grew louder and louder, and there were cries 
from the old soldiers, ''Hello! Billy." When the crowd on 
the stand had divided a little to make room for him it was 
discovered that the center of all this enthusiasm was 
General William Tecumseh Sherman. He lifted his hand 
in a graceful salute to the old soldiers in front, and then 
took a seat near Vice-President Morton. Major-General 
Schofield, commander of the army, followed, and ex-Gov- 
ernor Charles Foster was close behind, both receiving a 
cheer. Governor Campbell walked beside Lieutenant- 
Governor Marquis when he crossed the platform, and he, 
too, was given a warm welcome. Ex-President Hayes had 
quietly stepped upon the platform while these greetings 
were being accorded the others. He spent several minutes 
in earnest consultation with Chairman Townsend, of the 
Memorial Executive Committee, and then took the chair 
assigned to him as president of the Garfield Memorial 
Association, and chairman of the meeting. As soon as he 
was recognized by the *'boys" in front, there was a spon- 
taneous lifting of hats, and it needed but a word to call 
forth three cheers. The members of Governor Campbell's 
staff, in bright uniforms, were next shown to their seats. 

Very few of those in front recognized Chief Justice 
Fuller, of the Supreme Court, as he appeared upon the 
platform. His coming had not been announced, but he 
was a most welcome guest. He was given a seat beside 
Major McKinley, and evidently took an active interest in 
everything said and done. 

The arrangement of the seats gave everyone a good 
view of the distinguished men on the platform. The pre- 
siding officer's chair was in the center, and at his right sat 
President Harrison, Vice-President Morton, General 
Sherman, Major-General Schofield, ex-Postmaster-Gen- 
eral James, Architect Keller, and General J. D. Cox, orator 
of the day. Back of the President and Vice-President sat 
Secretary Windom and Postmaster-General Wanamaker, 
and behind the latter Attorney-General Miller and Secre- 

50 



tary Rusk. The two chairs next in the rear were occupied 
by the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, ex- 
Governor Foster being immediately in the rear of them. 
On the other side of the chairman, near Hon. Amos Towns- 
end, Bishop Leonard, and Mr. J. H. Wade, were Major 
McKinley, Chief Justice Fuller, Judge Martin Welker, 
Colonel William Perry Fogg, formerly of this city and now 
of New York, and many others. 

When ex-President Hayes stepped to the front of the 
platform at 3:15 o'clock and addressed the multitude there 
was perfect order. He announced simply that the opening 
number on the programme would be music. The grand 
Memorial Chorus of five hundred and fifty voices then 
sang "America" superbly, invoking a spontaneous out- 
burst of applause. Professor N. Coe Stewart's careful and 
painstaking work was evidenced in the splendid effect of 
the chorus, which was composed of the best voices attain- 
able. All of the music of the afternoon was finely rendered, 
this being one of the features of the programme. The 
chorus was accompanied by the orchestra of the Cleveland 
Grays' Band. 

Chairman Hayes then stepped forward, and in the 
most impressive manner possible said: 

Fellow Citizens: James Abram Garfield, born and 
bred in Ohio, a brave and patriotic soldier of the Union 
army, an orator, a statesman, a scholar. President of the 
United States, having died in the path of duty, his country- 
men of all parties and all sections, of every State, of every 
Territory, and of the District of Columbia — and especially 
his friends and neighbors of the City of Cleveland and of 
the Western Reserve, aided by many good people of for- 
eign lands, have built this impressive and enduring monu- 
ment to perpetuate to future generations his name and 
fame and memory. 

This noble purpose has, by the eminent architect, Mr. 
George Keller, of the City of Hartford, been fitly embodied 
in the Memorial structure which we are about to dedicate 



51 



in the presence of this uncounted multitude of people — 
this crowd of approving and sympathizing witnesses. 

Upon this ceremony, upon all who take part in it, and 
upon all who observe it, the Divine favor and the Divine 
blessing will now be invoked by the Right Reverend 
William A. Leonard, Bishop of Ohio. 

The prayer of Bishop Leonard was as follows: 

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the 
Holy Ghost. Amen. 

Almighty God, whose kingdom is everlasting and 
power infinite, we, thy humble servants, render to thee 
our heartfelt thanks for all thy goodness and loving kind- 
ness. All praise be to thee throughout this Republic for 
mercy, the prosperity and the peace which thou hast per- 
mitted us to enjoy. All honor to thy holy name and de- 
voutest thanksgiving for the good example of the righteous, 
the wise, and the valorous, who, having served their 
country and thee in their generations, do now rest from 
their labors. To-day in simple remembrance of their 
work and their endeavor, and especially for the loyal and 
noble service of him whose monument is builded, not only 
here in perishable stone, but builded indestructibly in the 
hearts of a grateful nation, do we render thee our loving 
adoration, beseeching thee to give us the grace so to follow 
their good example that with them we may be partakers 
of thy heavenly kingdom. And blessing thee for such 
privileges of high and lofty endeavor, we beg thee to send 
continually upon our government the outpouring of thy 
gracious love. Endue the President of the United States 
and all others in authority plenteously with heavenly gifts 
of wisdom, discretion, and godly zeal. Grant to the army 
and navy true courage and fidelity to the great Captain of 
our salvation. Vouchsafe to our legislators the bounties 
of thy knowledge, so that all things may be determined 
according to thy holy will, and give to us such a clear per- 
ception of truth and duty that we may be Christian people, 
loving and serving thee with heart and mind and soul; 
and grant us, at last, the peace of God, which passeth 

52 



human understanding, and the rich enjoyment of eternal 
life, which is reserved for those who labor patiently and 
faithfully unto the end; and to thee, O Father, with the 
Son and the Holy Ghost, be ascribed all honor and glory 
now and forevermore. Amen. 

Ex-President Hayes then introduced Hon. Jacob D. 
Cox with the words: 'The oration of the occasion will 
now be delivered by Hon. Jacob D. Cox, ex-Governor of 
Ohio, a citizen of Cincinnati." 

General Cox stepped to the front and proceeded to 
read from manuscript, in a clear, full voice, with good 
effect, the following thoughtful and finished address. 



ADDRESS BY JACOB D. COX 

My Fellow Citizens: We have come here to dedi- 
cate this Memorial to one of our country's worthies. Our 
task is not the mournful one which filled the streets of our 
cities with funeral pageants nine years ago. If our thoughts 
take a tinge of solemnity from the memory of the tragedy 
which brought the life of Garfield to an untimely end 
and shocked the whole nation by the causeless enormity of 
the crime, it will only make our retrospect the sober and 
thoughtful thing it ought to be. Time heals all wounds, 
and it is our privilege to think of the departed statesman 
who was once our friend and neighbor as of a character 
already a historic one; analyzing his career with quiet 
pulse, not tortured by a grief too poignant, and recalling 
his great qualities and his big-hearted human sympathies 
in reminiscences full of real, if sober pleasure. 

The massive structure which crowns this hill meets 
the eye of the wayfarer as he comes to fair Cleveland from 
Hiram, the place of Garfield's home and activities as youth 
and man; where he labored as teacher of the young, him- 
self little more than a boy, and whence he was called to 
that public life which made him the property of the na- 
tion. From this tower, as from a watch-tower, one may 
almost look into the rural quiet of Chagrin Falls, where his 
childhood was spent, and into Mentor, the home he loved 

53 



to think would be his in the peaceful decline of life, when 
struggle and turmoil might be looked back upon as from a 
snug harbor, his work well done, his fame solidly estab- 
lished, and the good-will of all his countrymen a sure po- 
session. 

It is well that this Memorial should be built here, in 
the capital city of the * 'Western Reserve," on the eastern 
side, where the branching roads lead to all the counties of 
the old district he served for nearly twenty years. Himself 
a type of the Western Reserve boy, his marble effigy under 
this dome is a sort of apotheosis of Western Reserve man- 
hood. It is the emblem of the heroic qualities developed 
out of the New England character in the pioneer life of the 
West. It typifies the courage of man and of woman, which 
planted new homes where savages still roamed; the phy- 
sical vigor of body and limb which felled the forest and 
subdued it to the plow; the tireless industry and thrift, 
which would be content with nothing short of the highest 
civilization and the broadest enlightenment; the soaring 
purpose and unfaltering will, which made it possible for 
every farmer's boy to aim at the highest flights in litera- 
ture, in science, and in statesmanship. Standing in the 
presence of the Garfiled statue, many a young soul, con- 
scious of kinship in self-dependence, in longing for culti- 
vation and for a nobler career, and possibly also in capac- 
ity and will, may form aspirations and purposes as noble 
as this sculptured form, and as pure as the marble in which 
it is chiseled. It will be the rightful privilege of such a one 
to idealize the character which serves as his model and 
stimulates his best ambitions. But there is a sense in 
which idealization is more truthful than much which now- 
adays passes for realism in literature and in art. A bad 
fashion has come more or less in vogue of seeking out the 
coarse and the repellant in every social scene and in every 
picture, and calling powerful art that which photographs 
every detail which startles or repels. I do not hesitate to 
call much of this the sickness and imbecility of imagina- 
tion, which, failing to see the poetic and the beautiful 
which underlies all nature, takes refuge in a mere micro- 



54 



scopical enumeration of the outer coverings of nature and 
misses the soul within. 

The hero-worship of generous youth is juster than 
this, and more natural. It sees the object of its admiration 
at a distance, and upon a height that seems inaccessible 
It sees it softened by the intervening atmosphere, a little 
dimmed by the haze, but its true proportions are better 
appreciated, its character is better known than if one were 
digging at the base to tell the kind of earth from which it 
mounts to the heavens. If personal monuments have 
meaning at all, it is because they link a human life to his- 
tory in such a way as to make our time and our country 
better known to us and more comprehensible, when we see 
them typified and illustrated in the individual and con- 
crete man, who was a striking figure in the time and who 
did a man's full part in our country's work. This struc- 
ture and the statue it covers mean that Garfield's country- 
men see in him, and in what he did, so much that is worthy 
of imitation, and worthily exhibits and interprets the 
critical period of our national life through which we have 
just passed, that they have wished to embody in imperish- 
able stone the memory of it. They desire that it shall 
teach many generations to emulate the good qualities 
which fitted him to lead in good directions and to seek that 
honor in good men's memories which comes by subordi- 
nating selfish ends to the common good. They have built 
this memorial in the belief that we all shall be the better 
for learning well and wisely this lesson, and that he whose 
memory it shall help preserve is a fit teacher of faith in our 
institutions and in our country's destiny. Let us look at 
his life in this spirit, and trace, in brief outline, a sketch of 
his growth from boy to man. 

His childhood was not greatly different from that of 
other boys in the new country. His father's death had put 
an extra burden upon the mother of the family, which she 
bravely bore; but he was himself too young to appreciate 
the loss, or to know much of the anxiety and care it caused 
to^' those who were older than he. A happy temperament 
and a vigorous body made life a pleasure to him, and he 



55 



mingled his sports and his schooling in proportions very 
like those of other boys of his neighborhood. The dis- 
trict school is a thorough democratic institution. There 
was no aristocracy within its walls but to be head of the 
class, and no privileges on its play-ground except to win 
in the foot-race or the wrestling match. The degrees of 
fortune in such a community were not enough to cause 
either pride or heartburnings. All were laborious, all were 
intelligent, all were mutually dependent for society and 
for neighborly offices. All were in one sense poor, for the 
new clearings were no places for luxury. In another sense 
all were rich, for they were independent, physically com- 
fortable, full of enterprise and hope, and were not humil- 
iated by contrasts in social condition. 

Our political campaign literature is apt to dwell upon 
a public man's narrow circumstances in youth, as if they 
called for sympathetic pity or for a heightened admiration 
at the energy and ability which rose from such unpromising 
beginnings. Some of us are old enough to remember when 
Clay was pictured as the ''mill-boy of the slashes," and 
Ewing as the * 'salt-boiler of the Muskingum." As "pet 
names" among party followers they do well enough in giv- 
ing something of the picturesque to campaign advocacy; 
but we must be candid enough to admit that they mean 
nothing more than that the youth of men, who became 
leaders in a new country, must be spent in the way that 
others live. When the dense forests of Ohio had to be 
cleared and made into farms, chopping and logging, burn- 
ing the wood, leaching the ashes, making "black-salts" cf 
the lye, were part of every farmer's experience, and a valu- 
able part of every boy's education. We may put away the 
notion that Garfield needed any pity for a hard or pinch- 
ing boyhood. He himself looked back upon it with con- 
tent, if not with pride. He was not pampered, but neither 
was he ground down. He knew his chances were as good 
as those of his mates. He did not dream how far he might 
go, but he knew he could mount. He learned that he was 
not only as strong and as nimble as those about him, but 
he could spell them down in the spelling-school, and out- 

56 



cipher them at the blackboard. What more could a boy 
in Cuyahoga valley want? 

The time came when the boy must begin to plan a 
little for his future life. There were dreams of roving to 
satisfy a growing wish to know more of the world. There 
were brief experiments in employments that seemed near- 
est at hand. There were consultations with mother and 
with friends. It is safe to guess that his teachers in school 
became interested in a boy who took his lessons as play, 
and with quick, clear glance saw through the tasks that 
others plodded slowly at. Our Western Reserve people 
owe more to our schoolmasters than we have yet acknowl- 
edged. The teaching of the grammar and the arithmetic 
were a small part of their services. They were almost al- 
ways young and full of personal ambition. They were the 
confidential friends of the bright boys and girls, stimulat- 
ing their minds more by enthusiastic praise of the value of 
education than by the learning they themselves imparted. 
Their best scholars they felt a pride in, as if they were in 
some degree the work of their hands. They opened to 
them visions of what they might accomplish. They 
preached the joys of an intellectual life with a power and 
success that Hamerton might envy. In such an atmos- 
phere and under such influences young Garfield's purposes 
gradually but surely shaped themselves. It began to be 
clear to him that brain labor was to be his work, and he 
set himself to getting the fit preparation to make it a 
success. 

The little episodes in his life in which he sought em- 
ployment to earn money enough to carry on his studies 
find a proper place in any full biography of the man and 
give it a lively human interest; but in such a sketch as this 
it is enough to say that his first advances beyond the com- 
mon school had to be made by the thrifty use of all the 
means he could earn in any honest labor in which his va- 
cations could be employed. The controlling purpose, the 
persistent will to become an educated man, never faltered 
for an instant. The discipline of mind and of body which 
he got in thus mingling active physical labor with his brain 

57 



work, and in holding fast his plan of life through interrup- 
tions and apparent hardships, was so useful a part of his 
training that one could wish every student of sound phy- 
sique might do the same for the good results to body and 
mind. It is one of those blessings in disguise, like the 
primal condemnation of man to eat his bread in the sweat 
of his face, which the indolent vein in our nature shrinks 
from, but which our better reason sees to be the necessary 
condition of all true accomplishment. He who is born in 
luxury does nothing worth doing till, in spite of his over- 
whelming temptations, he becomes a laboring man in some 
one of God's fields worth the tilling. It may be a Grote in 
the domain of history, or a Gladstone or Salisbury in the 
unpaid but wearing toil of high public administration; but 
in any case it is only the fixed habit of work, almost slavish 
work, the hardening of the neck to the yoke, that enables 
the most brilliant abilities to achieve results that the world 
will care to remember, or will build memorials to them. 
Let us not count it any misfortune to Garfield that his 
circumstances offered no temptation to idleness; but a good 
fortune, rather, that the necessity of work was joined to a 
capacity to work in things that were a succession of solid 
stepping-stones to a high destiny. 

At Hiram, a new institution of learning was making a 
feeble beginning, which, under Garfield's influence, was to 
grow into collegiate importance. Founded, as nearly all 
our colleges have been, by the zeal of a church organiza- 
tion, it drew to it the youth who from sympathy with its 
religious tenets or from family connection with the denom- 
ination, found it a congenial place of intellectual and moral 
growth. Enthusiastic in both directions, Garfield, be- 
ginning as a student in the lower classes, soon became a 
man of mark in the school. As he advanced in his studies 
he became tutor in some of the lower classes, and his gift 
of clearly explaining what he knew and of rousing en- 
thusiasm by the contagion of his own seemed to prove him 
a born teacher. So indeed he was, the only unsolved part 
of the problem being whether he should be a teacher of 
youth from the professional chair of a college, or lead the 

58 



thoughts of masses of men in the field of politics. In those 
early days he does not appear to have put the question, 
even to himself. He was full of ardent zeal both in learn- 
ing and in teaching. His own intellectual ambition was 
fully satisfied with the vision of a lifetime spend in sound- 
ing the depths of human knowledge and adding to its 
store, whilst he should be the guide to young men and 
women earnestly seeking entrance to his treasures. He 
was conscious enough of the other impulse in him to phy- 
sical activity of an energetic sort, not altogether in har- 
mony with the peaceful quiet of a permanent academic 
life; but the student nature was so strong in him also that 
he did not doubt his most solid contentment and truest 
satisfaction would be found in the paths that seemed to 
be then opening to him. Probably nothing could have 
turned him away from this plan of life but the overwhelm- 
ing crisis through which the country was soon to pass. He 
always felt that the events which wrenched him away from 
his chosen career were indisputable proof of the truth of 
the proverb **Man proposes, but God disposes." His 
earlier plans were not willmgly abandoned nor did they 
lose their fascination for him. They were his plans. The 
other was the work fate had marked out for him, and into 
which he was crowded, step by step, one thing after another 
coming as the duty of the hour, till his own purposes were 
hopelessly beyond recall and he was filled with the spirit 
of a new career. 

I am anticipating a little, in order to emphasize my 
belief that in his student days at Hiram, when the man- 
agers of the institution were showing him their expecta- 
tion that he would permanently ally himself to the fortunes 
of the college, and when he was planning to make himself 
fit for it by finishing his college course in New England, 
he was thoroughly happy in believing that he saw before 
him a life of dignity and importance enough to satisfy his 
ambition, whilst it was one in which every day's work 
would be a joy to him. He wisely judged that no man can 
wish for a happier lot than one in which he earns his bread 
in employment which is in itself a delight to him, and in 

59 



which every day's work is labor and recreation at once. 

Garfield entered the junior class at Williams College 
in 1854, and graduated in 1856. The change of scene and 
of association widened his horizon. The test of his powers 
in comparison with more systematically trained students 
in the older institution of learning gave him confidence in 
himself, whilst it enabled him to judge his own deficiencies 
justly and form a broader plan for his continued cultiva- 
tion. During his whole life he was enthusiastic in his 
recognition of the personal influence of President Hopkins 
upon his mind and character, and insisted that the man 
who taught was the college in the best sense, the endow- 
ment and the machinery of instruction being only the ac- 
cessories, however costly in money. He brought back to 
Ohio this deep conviction of his personal responsibility as 
a teacher, and when he resumed his work at Hiram College, 
he quickly showed that he was capacble of being to other 
young men the inspiration and the guide that Mark Hop- 
kins had been to him. He at once impressed his own per- 
sonality upon the school, determined as far as the means 
at his command would permit to establish high standards 
of scholarly attainment, but above all to infuse into his 
pupils the divine enthusiasm of scholarship, the burning 
zeal to know, which, rightly started, continues a consum- 
ing fire during a whole lifetime. If we would understand 
properly Garfiel,d's later career, we must carefully study 
this period of his early development and the maturing of 
his powers. His work changed, but his mental traits did 
not. His theories of the presentation of truth so as to make 
it attractive; his power of showing it to all sorts of people 
so as to make them seize it with pleasure and hold it with 
tenacity; his preference of friendly persuasion over de- 
nunciatory antagonism; his love for adorning a debate in 
Congress or on the hustings with some flower of literature 
or of science brought from another field; all these traits of 
his mental methods and tastes take us back to the days 
of his presidency of the institution at Hiram, when from 
the professor's chair, from the pulpits of his religious as- 
sociates where he was always welcome, and from the 

60 



lecturer's platform where he at once made a brilliant local 
reputation, he was industriously using his power to lead 
the minds of others, and demonstrating his capacity to do 
so on a large scale. 

It was during this period that my personal acquaint- 
ance with Garfield began — an acquaintance that ripened 
into a life-long and intimate friendship. He came to 
Warren about the year 1858 to deliver a popular lecture 
upon the recent and striking advances in science. The 
good people of Trumbull, the mother county of the ''Re- 
serve," were interested in him as the head of a promising 
institution of learning just over their border in Portage 
county, and were themselves so intelligent a community 
that they appreciated the scholarly character and the 
oratorical powers of the lecturer. He was eagerly heard 
on every topic which he chose to present, and their faith 
in him and admiration for him remained steadfast during 
all the twenty years thereafter that he was their political 
leader. It was built upon their knowledge of him in his 
eager and enthusiastic youth, and on their pride in him as 
a worthy product of the bone and sinew as well as the 
aspiring brain of the pioneer colony on the lake shore. 
Portage and Geauga fully shared the feeling. Lake, Ash- 
tabula, and Mahoning soon caught it, and gave him a 
constituency of which a statesman might well be proud. 
As their representative, sustained by their constancy, 
their tolerance of some differences of opinion, and their 
sympathy for independent and solid thinking, the field 
of his labor was enlarged till his fame became national, and 
his reputation was the property of the whole country. 

But even in 1858, on the very verge of being sum- 
moned into public life, he saw nothing of what was to 
come. He meant to make his position as an educator one 
from which he might use his powers for every good cause 
with independence and with vigor; but he still clung to the 
idea that his central work and chief avocation might be in 
the college where his dreams of growth and of influence 
first took definite shape. At this time he was a splendid 
specimen of early manhood. Of large and symmetrical 

61 



form, with muscles of iron, the strength of a young Her- 
cules, of ruddy complexion, of exuberant spirits that com- 
pelled him to physical as well as mental activity from the 
mere delight in life and in action, he came into every circle 
as a fresh and invigorating influence; stirring the blood of 
others by sheer force of sympathy. He took hopeful and 
bright views of things. His sense of the humorous was 
quick even when treating of grave subjects. His merry 
laugh gave brightness to every conversation in which he 
took part. His hearty grasp, and with his intimates his 
still heartier hug, made everybody warm to him at once. 
At home with the simplest people as well as with the most 
cultivated and learned, no one was overawed, but admira- 
tion and personal liking were apt to run a race for prece- 
dence, and it was hard to tell which outran the other. 
With such elements of popularity as well as such excep- 
tional powers, it needed no wizard to predict that the man 
would hardly be left to choose his career. 

We must recollect that the affairs of the nation were 
rapidly approaching a crisis. It had become evident that 
the people of the free states were fully determined that no 
more slave states should be admitted to the Union. The 
political struggle over the admission of Kansas and Ne- 
braska had arrayed the North and the South on opposite 
sides of the question, whether the federal Constitution 
established slavery upon federal territory, in spite of the 
will of the majority of the citizens of the territory. The 
day of compromises was past, and men arrayed themselves 
in their political organizations with a clear recognition of 
the terrible fact that political strife was verging close upon 
civil war. The moral elements of the struggle brought 
moral and religious teachers to the front. Your jail in 
Cleveland had been tenanted by the learned and refined 
Professor Peck, of Oberlin College, and a band of men of a 
class only seen behind the bars of a prison when the agita- 
tion of politico-moral questions has reached the danger 
line. Their consciences in regard to their duty to fugitive 
slaves had come into conflict with the letter of the federal 
statute. Where the sympathies of this community were 

62 



was demonstrated by the public meetings which assembled 
on the park within sight and hearing of the jail. At the 
call of Giddings and Chase, delegations from all parts of 
the Western Reserve came here to pledge their lives and 
fortunes, if needs be, to a more perfect establishment of 
the free principles of the Declaration of Independence. 

It was the fashion in the Reserve to call college pro- 
fessors into political life. When Garfield in 1859 was nomi- 
nated State Senator from Portage and Summit, his con- 
stituents only followed the example of Lorain and Medina, 
where Monroe, of Oberlin, was already Representative in 
the General Assembly, beginning an equally long career of 
public service. It spoke volumes for the character of our 
people that when the danger of armed collision had become 
imminent, and their sturdy courage did not shrink from 
the thought, they still chose intellectual leaders to guide 
the storm who were professionally men of peace, in full 
confidence that their cause was one that could well afford 
to wait till such men said forbearance had ceased to be a 
virtue, and that it was time to strike. Garfield was already 
well known in his district as an eloquent and unflinching 
advocate on the side of slavery restriction; but his canvass 
after his nomination widened and strengthened his repu- 
tation. It need hardly be said that he was a prominent 
figure in the legislature from the opening of the session in 
January, 1860. With characteristic zeal he applied him- 
self to all the business of the Senate, making himself 
ready and familiar with the rules of parliamentary pro- 
cedure, and with all the conditions of practical success in 
legislation. The first session was an apprenticeship in the 
new duties, but it was also something more. It made him 
known as a man capable of first-rate eminence in affairs. 
It showed he had the tact to catch the spirit of a deliber- 
ative body^ and to mold its action without provoking 
antagonisms, or making needless chafing or jealousy. It 
proved that sooner or later a congressional service would 
be in the natural evolution of things, unless he should re- 
fuse. As a straw which showed the operation of his own 
mind, it may be well to note that in this senatorial term 

63 



he was admitted to an examination for the bar by the 
Supreme Court, without the usual evidence of going 
through a law-clerkship. He had not yet recognized the 
fact that his connection with his college must be broken; 
but he saw the possibility, at least, that the calls of public 
duty would prove inconsistent with the constancy of de- 
votion demanded of a college president, and looked to the 
practice of the law as a secular employment more easily 
fitting into vicissitudes of politics. It certainly would do 
no harm to have, as the proverb goes, ''two strings to his 
bow." The fact was, though he did not know it, that he 
had already begun that exclusive devotion to public 
affairs which was to cease only when assassination brought 
it to an untimely end. There was to be time for little more 
teaching in college halls, and his acceptance of retainers 
for clients were to be few and far between, not because he 
could not have commanded as great success at the bar as 
at the capitol, but because the demands of official duty 
were to be so overmastering and so burdensome as to leave 
little room for anything else. 

He went back to Hiram in the Summer of 1860, but 
with all his versatility we may suspect that the college was 
necessarily deprived of most of his time and labor. Events 
were marching rapidly. The political conventions at 
Charleston, at Baltimore, at Chicago, kept the country in 
a ferment. The disruption of one great political party and 
the marvelous growth of another brought first three, then 
four, candidates for the Presidency into the field. The 
reasonable probability that Lincoln might be elected made 
his followers who were private citizens feel like dropping 
their usual employments and giving their whole time to 
politics. How then could the young Senator, boiling with 
enthusiasm and restless in his abounding energy, stay at 
home? If he had been willing to stay, the demands for 
the silver-tongued advocate of freedom were too numerous 
and too insistant to give him leave. The harness was on, 
and he was not to put it off till he was ready to be brought 
here for his final repose. 

The Winter of 1860-61 was not only full of the in- 
64 



tensest political excitement, but it was a time when ques- 
tions of personal duty to the country were pressing upon 
many a man. Beginning with South Carolina, the South- 
ern States were following each other into secession with 
fearful rapidity. It was a serious question whether 
Washington would be the actual capital of the Nation 
when the time for Lincoln's inauguration should come. 
Schemes were on foot for separating the Northern States, 
and for making the dissolution of the Union a success, by 
preventing any solid co-operation among the loyal States. 
The weakness of the national government threw great 
responsibilities upon the several States. What prepara- 
tion, if any, should be made for war? How far should the 
fear that warlike preparation would precipitate conflict 
be allowed to go in preventing measures of common pru- 
dence? There never was a time, since the Union was first 
formed, in which so great and so national responsibilities 
rested upon State legislatures and State executives. The 
mere act of secession of several States together so para- 
lyzed the forces of the national government that nothing 
but the most active co-operation of the loyal States could 
keep it alive. 

It was in the midst of these appalling circumstances, 
and in the debates of questions directly affecting the 
national life, that Garfield spent the adjourned session of 
the General Assembly. It hardly need be said that in such 
an apprenticeship, statesmanship was rapidly learned by 
one who had the natural gifts for it. But the gathering 
war-cloud brought still more startling questions of per- 
sonal duty. What should he do if civil war should actually 
break out? His plans of life had been as remote as the 
poles from any connection with military ideas or practice. 
If not quite clerical in his relations, he certainly had looked 
on his life as one professionally devoted to peace. He was 
revolving the matter in his mind, but postponing its deci- 
sion, hoping that it need not be decided, when the attack 
upon Fort Sumter came to drive away our dreams of peace 
as straws in the path of a tornado. The way then became 
plain for a few steps at least. First, Ohio was to give the 

65 



national government the legislative help it needed to or- 
ganize its armies and fill its treasury; then the personal 
duty to do a man's part in the fight would follow. 

When the legislature adjourned, Garfield was able to 
give a few weeks to alternate private and public duties. 
The enthusiastic response of loyal men to President 
Lincoln's first call for troops had more than filled Ohio's 
quota, and it seemed possible that civil duties might be 
the only ones in which he could serve the country. The 
extraordinary duties of the Governor involved negotiations 
with other States respecting arms and munitions of war, 
as well as questions concerning the most efficient methods 
of co-operating to sustain the general government. Gar- 
field volunteered for any such work in which he could be 
useful, and he spent the early Summer in active assistance 
of Governor Dennison in the class of duties I have men- 
tioned. But in the last week of July the country was 
agitated anew and as deeply as in April, though in a differ- 
ent manner. The battle of Bull Run was fought and lost 
by the strange panic which turned a well-planned and 
successful engagement into a sudden rout. The first 
feeling of disappointment and dismay was followed quickly 
by a revulsion of wrath and sterner purpose. The 
people took a juster view of the magnitude of their task, 
and warmly supported the President in his new call for 
three hundred thousand men. The flattering hopes of 
ending the rebellion by a campaign of ninety days were 
buried with grim earnestness of purpose, and men pre- 
pared their minds for a long and desperate struggle. 

Garfield's path of duty again opened plainly before 
him, and he promptly stepped into it. All other obliga- 
tions dwindled before the overmastering one of saving the 
national life. His college halls were abandoned, this time 
forever. When a man enlists for active war, even if he 
were the most thoughtful of men, he sees that no future 
can be planned. He drops his tools upon the workbench, 
he leaves the plough in the furrow, or he shuts the door of 
his college lecture-room behind him, with the solemn 
thought that God only knows whether he shall ever come 

66 



back to resume his work. If he be a thoughtful man (and 
Garfield was broadly and deeply thoughtful) he calmly 
reckons his life already given for the land he loves; and 
should he come home safe and sound again, he will receive 
it as a new gift, almost as one raised from the dead. He 
hardly looks to to-morrow. To-day's task fills all his 
mind, and to do it well is the soldier's standard of right 
living. 

Like many of our volunteers of 1861, Garfield would 
have been glad to serve under men who had some training 
in military life, but the idea still ruled at Washington that 
the regular army must maintain its organization. He was 
chosen colonel of the Forty-second Ohio, and devoted the 
rest of the Summer and the Autumn to preparing it for the 
field. Just at the close of the year he was ordered into 
Eastern Kentucky, and a brigade, in which he commanded 
as senior colonel, was made practically a little independ- 
ent army, holding the wild region of the Big Sandy valley. 
A dashing conflict with the Confederate forces under 
Humphrey Marshall proved his fitness for command and 
he was made a brigadier-general. Assigned to duty in his 
new grade in the concentrated army of the Ohio under 
Buell, he took part in the campaign of Corinth (Missis- 
sippi), which followed the battle of Shiloh, and in the 
operations of the Summer of 1862. He learned, however, 
that his robust body had its weakness, and that the irregu- 
larity of camp diet was peculiarly injurious to him. A 
severe illness sent him home to recuperate, and while there 
he was nominated to Congress by his district. He would 
have preferred continuing in the military service, but the 
serious doubts as to his maintaining good health in the 
field decided him to return to civil life. The canvass was 
brilliantly made, and he was elected at a time when a 
political reaction in Ohio reduced the representatives of 
his party in Congress to so small a number that his posi- 
tion was made doubly important. His term would not 
begin till March, 1863, and unless there were an extra 
session, his active duty in the House of Representatives 
would only commence in December following. The inter- 

67 



vening Winter he spent in Washington, studying the situa- 
tion of affairs from that central position, whilst engaged in 
military service upon court-martial and other assignm.ents 
of similar character. This gave him the opportunity to 
become personally acquainted with the President and the 
officers of the administration, as well as with many who 
would be his colleagues in the House. He could become 
familiar also with the methods of business and with the 
controlling sentiment of the parties in the legislative 
bodies. For a public man, time could not be more profit- 
ably spent, and to one so apt in learning and so quick to 
master a new situation as Garfield was, it resulted in his 
feeling at home in the House and in his work from the 
beginning. 

But his military career was not to end at once. An 
honorable chapter was to follow, in which his name was to 
be brilliantly connected with great events. He chafed at 
the prospect of inaction during the long interval before 
the new Congress should assemble, and the Secretary of 
War acceded to his wish to spend the Summer of 1863 with 
the army in the field. He joined the Army of the Cumber- 
land, now under the command of Rosecrans, and was 
invited to take the position of chief of staff to that general. 
Here he was in immediate contact with the management 
of an army, and was the chief ministerial officer between 
the commander and his subordinates. He counseled in all 
discussions of plans, and assisted in conferences of the 
leading officers. He studied strategy on a large scale, and 
his opinions were received with respect by all, for his 
powers of analysis and quick intellectual comprehension 
of practical problems qualified him to form judgments 
that were sound, and to advocate them with force and 
clearness. The Summer was not passed without renewed 
painful experience of the fact that camp-life was injurious 
to his health, but when the advance on Chattanooga be- 
gan, he was again fit for duty, and entered into the cam- 
paign with great spirit and energy. It culminated in the 
bloody battle of Chickamauga, and it has become a 
familiar tale in every household of the land how Garfield, 

68 



in the supreme crisis ol the battle, carried to General 
Thomas on the left the news of the situation at the broken 
center and right, and remained with him who is nobly 
immortal as the "Rock of Chickamauga," upon the forest- 
clad hill, which now was beleaguered and stormed at by 
the multitudinous hosts of the enemy, concentrating all 
their power to wrest a decisive victory from the indomi- 
table divisions which held it as a fort, nearly surrounded 
yet stubbornly held. The volunteered ride out of the 
turmoil and confusion on the Dry Valley road, through 
Rossville and over the ridge, out by Granger's position, 
running the gauntlet of the fire of Confederates closing in 
upon the isolated left wing, was of the romance of war in 
itself, and has become of historic interest because of the 
great results that were trembling in the scale. The waning 
day amid the powder-smoke and the crash of battle, when 
he stood with Thomas by the little cabin and clearing on 
the hill-top in the center of that famous horseshoe line; 
the quiet night which fell upon the little group by the 
camp-fire, when Bragg's brave soldiers gave up in despair 
the task of carrying the stronghold; the midnight march 
back to Chattanooga, are scenes of wondrous dramatic 
interest, in which the active military work of Garfield 
ended. 

His reputation as a man of courage and an officer of 
real capacity was so well established that no one doubts 
his military career would have been among the most im- 
portant and distinguished, could he have followed it to 
the end. As it was, it was a shining episode in his expe- 
rience as a statesman, showing what he was capable of in 
other fields had not his duty been appointed for him in 
legislative halls. For it is plain to us now, as we look upon 
his completed life, that his work in Congress was that for 
which all the rest was preparation. Other things had 
occupied him for a time, they had contributed to form his 
judgment, to widen his experience, to mature his powers, 
but the years, close upon a score, that he was to spend in 
the House of Representatives, embrace his real life-work. 
Even his elevation to the Presidency was rather the evi- 

69 



dence of his countrymen's admiration of him as a popular 
and legislative leader than a significant part of his own 
career. Cut off prematurely, his administration had no 
opportunity to carry out any large policy. The large 
grasp and ability he had shown in every other part of his 
life is sufficient warrant for our faith that it would have 
been marked by broad statesmanship and manifest power; 
but it was God's will that his work as legislator should 
remain the thing which will ever be distinctively his. The 
rest is among the ''might-have-been's," big with many 
grand possibilities not to ripen into full fruition. 

To my mind Garfield's mental character is so plainly 
a development from first to last, that, to understand him, 
the history of his earlier life is more important than the 
work of his matured manhood; not, of course, in itself, but 
as the explanation of all that he did later, and the neces- 
sary condition of comprehending it. I think, therefore, 
that in any general estimate of the man these earlier stages 
of his life will always fill what may seem at first a dis- 
proportionate place. At any rate, taking this view of it, I 
shall not feel obliged to go largely into the details of his 
public service as a member of the national Congress. 
Indeed, to do so would be to narrate the legislative history 
of the country during nearly a whole generation which 
included all the later war measures, the Constitutional 
amendments abolishing slavery, the whole of the recon- 
struction of the Union, the funding of the national debt, 
the resumption of specie payments, and a long list of other 
important subjects growing out of the civil war. No 
history of the country will fail to give him a prominent 
place in the digesting, maturing, harmonizing and advo- 
cating the long series of laws which may be said to have 
created a new Union, more strong, more progressive, more 
consistent and more solid than the old. All I can now do 
is to point out how the character which I have sketched in 
its growth showed itself in some of the phases of this active 
and brilliant Hfe. 

He was pre-eminently noticeable for grasping the 
intellectual side of every question. He delighted in refer- 

70 



ring the debate to broad principles. He loved to summon 
to his aid the learned discussions of the masters in eco- 
nomics, in jurisprudence and in history. He was not con- 
tent with narrow reasons of local interest and selfish ad- 
vantage; but sought to base his arguments upon the 
harmony of the broad interests of all mankind when they 
are wisely examined and deeply understood. When he 
rose to speak his political opponents were not repelled, 
but attracted. They as well as his own party understood 
that the subject before them would receive a scholarly as 
well as a statesman-like treatment, and that whether he 
convinced them or not, everybody must be instructed by 
the force of his views and profited by the lofty plane on 
which they were conceived. 

His desire was to persuade and to win others to his 
views, and even in cases where party lines were sharply 
drawn, he preferred to present to his opponents and to the 
country the reasonableness of his own position, rather than 
to use the weapons of denunciation and ridicule. He never 
lost the geniality of his nature, and never allowed personal 
venom to rankle in the wounds made by his keen sword of 
logical and temperate argument. 

His fertile imagination and aptness in comparison and 
illustration made him often poetic in his oratory, full of the 
true afflatus which makes a discourse on a noble theme a 
thing to delight and to captivate his auditors, however 
antagonistic they might be in purpose. 

These tastes and tendencies decided his choice of sub- 
jects in discussion. He could sit silent amid an irritating 
partisan debate, till some turn in it, some allusion, some 
situation which suggested a new line of thought would 
occur, when he would rise and infuse a new spirit into the 
discussion, making the House feel as if a fresh and whole- 
some breeze had passed through it. His historical ref- 
erences to the great debaters and statesmen of other times 
or other lands would indirectly shame the disputants away 
from the petty and the personal, and challenge them to a 
nobler, a manlier, a more intellectual contest. 

It followed that others were more likely to be the 
71 



parliamentary managers of the floor, watching for the 
tactical errors of the other side, making embarrassing 
motions or amendments, rallying a party vote, manipulat- 
ing the dilatory proceedings in a bout at ''fillibustering," 
and he was quite willing to be one of the rank and file 
apparently, when this was the order of the day. But when 
the debate rose to matters of public policy, to the prin- 
ciples of taxation, to the value and the interest of a scien- 
tifically conducted census, to the blessings of general 
education, to the advantages both economic and educa- 
tional of the great government surveys and explorations, 
few indeed were his rivals and none his superior. 

He did not rely alone upon his large mental acquisi- 
tions, but was laborious and indefatigable in adding to his 
stores, and in making special preparation for every im- 
portant debate. Yet his speeches never "smelled of the 
lamp." His happy faculty of extemporaneous speech was 
such that even when his use of learned material of apt 
quotation was most exuberant, it seemed the spontaneous 
outpouring of a full mem.ory, and not the deliverance of a 
set oration. 

These qualities came to be widely known throughout 
the land as his reputation grew to be national. He had in 
extraordinary degree the power to interest a popular 
audience in subjects that were even abstruse. His facility 
in bringing out first principles made the complex appear 
simple. His readiness in illustration would make familiar 
and homely thmgs useful, to throw light upon that which 
had seemed dark. He could drop all technical and scien- 
tific terms, and put a solid argument in such everyday 
words that plain men wondered how there could be any 
mystery about it. His big, youthful nature, his evident 
geniality and sympathy with others so shone in his person, 
his speech, his familiar greeting, that all who heard him 
felt that they knew him, and in knowing him were stirred 
to both admiration and liking. His growth in popularity 
was the most natural thing in the world, because the surest 
and strongest way to cultivate it was simply to be himself; 
for his whole constitution and nature was of the popular 

72 



mould, in which the superiority of brain, which makes a 
leader, is united with simplicity and good humor, that 
makes a man easy of approach and does not offend the 
pride of those who follow him. 

His nomination to the Presidency, and the canvass in 
which he was elected, revealed the fact that he was re- 
garded by hosts of people with a favor akin to warm per- 
sonal affection. His popularity was shown to be wide and 
solid, and he a people's leader who strengthened the party 
that nominated him. No doubt the sad story of his un- 
timely end quickened men's sympathy and made friends 
of some who had been coldly critical or hostile. His spirit 
would gratefully appreciate the sweet human charity 
which, for his sufferings, would disarm all enmity, and 
make men of all parties unite in common appreciation of 
his noble gifts, his lovable nature, his ardent patriotism, 
and his great public services. 

And so men of all parties have united to build this 
Memorial and to place this statue upon its pedestal to 
commemorate these virtues and these services. Antag- 
onisms are here forgotten. Cynical carping has no place 
here. The good, the great, the strong, the wise, and the 
patriotic were all so abundant in him that out of them the 
young of coming generations may construct an ideal on 
which to mould themselves. The weaknesses, the limita- 
tions, the imperfections incident to human nature, and 
which every man must humbly acknowledge his share in, 
may here be dropped from view, and the model to be imi- 
tated is made up of those noble and generous qualities 
which were so marked in the man we honor to-day. 

The people of this land, far and near, are at this very 
hour decorating the graves of their fallen patriots and 
heroes with affectionate and heartfelt love and reverence. 
Our task is part of theirs. We jom our countrymen in the 
loving duty. This Memorial is a permanent decoration 
of the tomb where lies the body of a soldier and a patriot, 
whose services to his country were so great and so brilliant 
that the dignity of this structure and the durability of this 

73 



monument only give fitting expression to the solidity of 
trust, the honor, and the regard with which the American 
people cherish the memory of such as he. May it be to us 
and our children the continuing lesson in patriotic en- 
deavor which it was designed to be; and may many genera- 
tions, as they look upon it, find it stimulating them to that 
nobler manhood which shall develop our free institutions 
into all they ought to be. 

After the oration by ex-Governor Cox, the singers 
rendered the famous Hallelujah Chorus, and then there 
were vociferous demands for President Harrison from the 
audience. The cheers and hand clapping were so great 
that two or three minutes elapsed before General Hayes 
could be heard. He finally lifted his right hand and held 
it suspended until perfect quiet was restored. *Tou will 
now have the pleasure," he said, ''of extending greetings 
with the President of the United States." 

President Harrison, as he came forward, was given an 
enthusiastic ovation. The cheers and applause were 
tremendous. The President stepped to the front of the 
platform, waited patiently for the uproar to subside, and 
then began his address, which was delivered in the most 
impressive manner possible. Almost every sentence was 
enthusiastically cheered. The President seemed thor- 
oughly imbued with the spirit of the occasion, and every 
remark rang with sincerity and patriotism. He said: 

Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens: — I thank you 
most sincerely for this cordial greeting, but I shall not be 
betrayed by it into a lengthy speech. The selection of this 
day for these exercises, a day consecrated to the memory 
of those who died that there might be one flag of honor 
and authority in this Republic [applause], is most fitting. 
That one flag encircles us with its folds to-day, the un- 
rivaled object of our loyal love. [Applause.] 

This monument, so imposing and tasteful, fittingly 
typifies the grand and symmetrical character of him in 
whose honor it has been builded. [Applause.] His was 
'The arduous greatness of things done." No friendly 

74 



hands constructed and placed for his ambition a ladder 
upon which he might climb. His own brave hands 
framed and nailed the cleats upon which he climbed to the 
heights of public usefulness and fame. [Applause.] He 
never ceased to be student and instructor. Turning from 
peaceful pursuits to army service, he quickly mastered 
tactics and strategy, and in a brief army career taught 
some valuable lessons in military science. [Applause.] 
Turning again from the field to the councils of State, he 
stood among the great debaters that have made our Na- 
tional Congress illustrious. What he might have been or 
done as President of the United States is chiefly left to 
friendly augury, based upon a career that had no incident 
of failure or inadequacy. [Applause.] The cruel circum- 
stances attending his death had but one amelioration — 
that space of life was given him to teach from his dying 
bed a great lesson of patience and forbearance. [Ap- 
plause.] His mortal part will find honorable rest here, but 
the lessons of his life and death will continue to be in- 
structive and inspiring incidents in American history. 
[Great Applause.] 

President Harrison's address created a profound im- 
pression. He spoke with the utmost earnestness, and 
every word was plainly audible everywhere. He was 
cheered to the echo. Vice-President Morton was then 
introduced. He, too, was given a hearty welcome. It 
was the first opportunity afforded many of the audience 
to look upon the face of the Vice-President of the Nation, 
and there was plenty of cheering and applause. Mr. 
Morton said: 

Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Garfield 
Memorial Association, and Ladies and Gentlemen: — 
I thank you for your cordial greeting and shall detain you 
but one moment. I deem it a great honor to join my fellow 
citizens in these services commemorative of the life, char- 
acter and public work of your fellow citizen — our fellow 
citizen, for he belongs to the Nation— commemorative of 
the scholar, the soldier, the statesman, the twentieth 

75 



President of the United States, James Abram Garfield. 
I knew him well and honored him for his work and worth. 
He was one of the best representatives of the American 
spirit and American civilization. He embodied in his life 
the high possibilities of American manhood. His life is a 
lesson to all of us, an inspiration to the youth of the land. 
The more we cherish his memory, and heed his lofty teach- 
ings, the better will be our citizenship and the finer our 
national thought and life. It is indeed an honor to this 
State to hold his sacred remains. You will guard them 
sacredly, but more important to all of us is it that we 
follow his patriotic teachings. [Applause.] 

Governor Campbell's chair was somewhat at one side 
and he had not, up to this time, been generally recognized, 
but after Vice-President Morton concluded his brief ad- 
dress there were calls for Campbell. They were somewhat 
superfluous, inasmuch as Chairman Hayes had already 
decided upon him as the next speaker. "It is a pleasure 
and I have the privilege," said ex-President Hayes, "now 
to present to you the Governor of Ohio, James E. Camp- 
bell." 

Governor Campbell was given an enthusiastic greet- 
ing. He was looking very well and his remarks were in 
exceedingly good taste. As he came forward to speak, it 
became necessary for General Sherman to move his chair. 
As he did so, he arose, and, grasping the Governor by the 
hand, remarked: "Governor Campbell, I am glad to see 
you." The Governor came forward and talked in an in- 
teresting way as follows : 

Mr. President, and Ladies and Gentlemen: At 
the outset of the meeting our chairman said that James 
Abram Garfield was born and reared in Ohio. It is true 
that he was one of the imperishable galaxy of men that 
Ohio furnished to the country between 1861 and 1865. 
He was in the list with Grant and Sherman [applause] and 
Sheridan and Chase and Stanton, and I might stand here 
until the rain drives us off repeating the names that will 
reverberate as long as the word liberty sounds sweet to the 

76 



human ear. [Applause.] But in a wider sense, and in 
more ways than one, it was fitting that the President of the 
United States should first pay a tribute to the memory of 
Garfield, because, though a son of Ohio, he was consecrated 
by circumstances, not to Ohio, but to the Union — to the 
United States of America. [Applause.] 

As a son of Ohio, representing temporarily the dig- 
nity of Ohio, I pay him my modest tribute. I realize that 
this is not an Ohio monument, but it is a monument that 
belongs to every State in the Union, and to none more 
than the States that were brought back to the Union by 
General Garfield and men I see on the stand here today. 
[Applause.] 

Were I to pay him a tribute as an Ohio man, it would 
not be to the soldier, it would not be to the legislator, it 
would not be to the President. You (turning to General 
Cox) said the monument was an apotheosis of many great 
and noble things. To me the life of Garfield here among 
his neighbors is an apotheosis to the humanly virtues, to 
the fireside virtues, to a good mother, to a pious home 
[applause], and I leave these men of national fame to pay 
tribute to the soldier and statesman. We of Ohio are 
content to pay our tribute to Garfield as a friend, a neigh- 
bor, and as a citizen. [Applause.] 

During the preceding twenty minutes there had been 
a constant demand at every silent interval for General 
Sherman. During every interruption in the ceremonies 
there were shouts and cheers for Sherman from the old 
soldiers. The great general sat between Vice-President 
]V[orton and General Schofield with his hand pressed to his 
forehead as if in deep study. When it became evident 
from Chairman Hayes' remarks that General Sherman 
was to be next introduced, the crowd cheered vehemently 
and swung their hats. As soon as he could. General 
Hayes said: "In the great war for union and liberty the 
Almighty gave us great leaders, and the greatest leader in 
that crisis now living is William Tecumseh Sherman." 

General Sherman shrank back modestly, but the de- 
77 



mands for his presence at the front of the platform were 
overwhelming. He bowed nearly a dozen times to the 
crowd in front, but there was a demand for something 
substantial and the General finally stepped forward. Then, 
indeed, there was a scene. Flags were waved and hats 
and handkerchiefs were thrown high in the air, while 
many voices were lifted up in loud acclaim. General 
Sherman attempted to speak, but the crowd had not yet 
completed its ovation. President Harrison arose and 
lifted up his hat as if to cheer. The crowd needed no 
other signal. Thousands of hats were raised on high and 
many thousand voices were lifted in vociferous greeting. 
The General seemed slightly embarrassed by the tremen- 
dous enthusiasm, but when it had partially subsided was 
at once himself again and talked in his old familiar way. 
The audience listened closely and there was almost con- 
stant cheering. General Sherman said: 

Comrades all: I will not occupy but a minute of 
your time. You see me here today. Your President and 
our former President will tell you I am not General Sher- 
man in St. Louis, but a pioneer of the first order [laughter], 
and if you come to New York our Vice-President will tell 
you I am a member of the Chamber of Commerce, but, 
boys, when I see that badge upon your caps and the star 
on your breasts I thank God here in Ohio I am your af- 
fectionate Uncle Billy. [Laughter.] 

I have come here to your beautiful city to pay my 
tribute of love to the memory of James Abram Garfield, 
whom I saw after he was wounded and whose body I ac- 
companied to this spot, and now it delights me to see 
yonder temple, be it what it may. I see no statue of Gar- 
field from where I stand, but I see a temple, a monument, 
erected to his memory, not for you and me, boys, for our 
careers have run, but for your children and those who are 
to come after us. There it will stand pointing to heaven, 
seen from the beautiful lake by all who pass across its 
peaceful bosom, and to those who come after you, by land 
and by sea, it points to a man who was the finest type of 

78 



manhood, of soldier and citizen, that my memory recalls. 
[Applause.] 

I am sure, long after we are gone, when our children 
have taken our places, that they will come here and be 
inspired with a desire to become like unto him for whom 
that monument has been erected, to be as brave as he was 
when bravery was called for, to be intellectual when God 
gives him a brain, and to be true and faithful to his coun- 
try at all times, in peace and in war, as James A. Garfield 
was, and may God bless his memory and bless those whom 
he loved, who reside now in the^old Western Reserve of 
Ohio — indeed, they are not confined to the Western Re- 
serve, nor to Ohio, but as it has been well spoken of here 
to-day, they are of all parts of the United States of America, 
yea, indeed of all the world, because we have become of 
kin very fast by means of the telegraph and of steam. 

I thank you, my friends. Carry your banners on the 
outer walls (tapping his Grand Army badge), and as long 
as we live let us stand by those who are true and faithful 
to us in the days of peril. [Applause.] 

After General Sherman's speech President Hayes 
said: "My fellow citizens, if the skies will let us, I have 
an arrangement made with a number of gentlemen that 
are to be presented to you with the privilege of saying 
much or little nothing, as they prefer, and first I will ask 
to be presented to you a gentleman who was in General 
Garfield's Cabinet and who now is in General Harrison's 
Cabinet — the Secretary of the Treasury, Ivlr. Windom." 
Mr. Windom stepped to the front and said: 

My Fellow Citizens: Tshall avail myself of the 
privilege of saying nothing, except to relate a little inci- 
dent that occurred during the last illness of President 
Garfield. I remember that when he was suffering, and 
the whole nation was in mourning for him, the soldier who 
was last upon his feet said to me on one occasion: "HI 
could restore him to health by giving every drop of blood 
in my body I would freely give it" [great applause]; and 
these words were as true as words ever uttered, and I only 

79 



say to-day that words do not permit me to express the 
affection and sincere love which I feel for the man whose 
memory we honor here to-day; and while we honor the 
statesman and the soldier, our hearts, I know, are full of 
love for the man, and we will ever remember him as the 
kindest friend, the noblest man of our acquaintance. 
[Applause.] 

Ex-President Hayes said: ''I now have the privilege 
of presenting to you the Postmaster- General, Mr. Wana- 
maker." 

There were cheers all over the grounds and these 
were renewed as Mr. Wanamaker arose. The crowd 
seemed to be familiar with the new Postmaster-General's 
good work, for he was given a royal welcome. However, 
he simply arose and bowed to the multitude without say- 
ing anything. "No, no. Speech, speech," cried the 
audience, but Mr. Wanamaker preferred to remain silent. 

"I did not believe he could do it in the presence of 
such an audience," said the chairman jocularly, ''and I 
will now present to you the Attorney-General, Mr. Miller, 
of Indiana." Mr. Miller said: 

Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens: The book of 
all books says there is a time to speak and a time to keep 
silence. This august presence, the addresses wholly 
worthy of this great occasion, to which we have been per- 
mitted to listen, and above all this mangificent Mausoleum 
which speaks not only of the great qualities of him whose 
name it bears, but which will for uncounted generations 
speak of the great possibilities which lie open to every 
worthy and aspiring young American with an eloquence 
impossible to any human voice, admonish me that this is 
the time for me to keep silence. To that admonition I 
bow. [Applause.] 

"One remarkable point about the Cabinet of General 
Harrison," said Chairman Hayes, "is that he has in it so 
many fine looking men. You have seen three of them and 
you know how fine looking they are. Let us now see the 
Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Rusk, of Wisconsin." 



Secretary Rusk's appearance was the signal for much 
applause, and he was engaged for nearly a minute in bow- 
ing his acknowledgments to the crowd. When quiet was 
restored the Secretary raised a laugh by saying: "Mr. Presi- 
dent, I must take my seat, and my excuse for taking my 
seat is that I will not allow the Postmaster-General to be 
more polite than I am." 

"There is another member of President Garfield's 
Cabinet here," remarked Chairman Hayes, "and I take 
pleasure in introducing to you ex-Postmaster-General 
James, of New York." 

There was much cheering, but Mr. James excused 
himself from extended remarks by saying that he would 
accept the privilege offered by the chair and say nothing. 

During all the exercises. Architect Keller, who de- 
signed the monument, and who supervised its construction, 
had been a quiet listener. He occupied a chair between 
General Cox and ex-Postmaster-General James, and 
listened with intense interest to all that was said and done. 
He was introduced at this point by the chairman, who 
said: "It is important, I think, that we should at least 
see the gentleman to whom we are indebted for the design 
and execution of this magnificent monument, Mr. George 
H. Keller, of Hartford, Conn., who is with us." 

Mr. Keller arose, received the enthusiastic greetings 
of the audience, and took his seat. 

During vociferous cries from the audience for other 
distinguished men. Chairman Hayes espied Bishop Gil- 
mour on the platform, and said: "I would be very glad to 
present to you, if he will permit me, for such remarks as 
he may choose to submit. Bishop Gilmour, of Cleveland." 

The Bishop was applauded as he came forward. He 
began slowly, saying: 

Mr. President and Fellow Citizens: This call is 
so entirely unexpected that I can but add to the much 
that has been said of the lamented Garfield one thing that 
struck me in connection with his inauguration. If there is 

81 



one lesson that a man should teach the children, and the 
ruler of a great people of which we are a part should teach, 
it is reverence; reverence of that deep and abiding quality 
that above all things is to make us a people of reverence; 
of reverence for truth, reverence for virtue, reverence for 
the home. 

When James Abram Garfield stood upon the steps of 
the Capitol of the United States, inaugurated President of 
the United States, elected by the free voice of a free people 
to the highest place known in political life, when a world 
hung upon his words and noted his acts, his first tribute 
was to the mother that had so bravely trained him and 
taught him that which made him the great man he was. 
[Applause.] If he had taught no other lesson in his life 
than reverence for home and for the mother, the name of 
James Abram Garfield would have been immortalized. 
[Applause.] I am thankful for the extreme kindness that 
has called me to say this word of tribute on this occasion. 
[Applause.] 

The chairman then announced General Schofield as 
follows: "Among the soldiers of honorable service, brave, 
efficient, and good, in the great struggle, was the present 
Commanding General of the Army of the United States, 
General Schofield." 

The General, in an easy manner, responded as follows: 

Mr. President: It is an honor of which any citizen 
might be proud to join with you to-day with these distin- 
guished statesmen, scholars, and soldiers in doing honor to 
the memory of James A. Garfield, and it is as simply the 
soldier, who himself has tried to do his duty, that I join 
with you in doing that honor. Garfield was one of those 
whom we were most proud to cherish in our hearts with 
feelings of comradeship of an affection that comes solely 
from the soldier's life, and in the heart of every soldier 
to-day I am sure there is a strong feeling of sympathy 
with the honor that you are doing to his memory. [Ap- 
plause.] 

It was impossible any longer to disregard the demands 
82 



for Major McKinley. They had been vociferous and em- 
phatic from the beginning, and the major's quiet gestures, 
appeaUng for silence, had only served to augment the en- 
thusiasm. The shouts that now ascended for ''McKinley" 
were simply irresistible. Ex-President Hayes' introduction 
of the distinguished gentleman was peculiarly happy and 
appropriate. He said: "We have heard and seen now 
eminent statesmen and great soldiers. It is altogether 
fitting that at least one of those who carried a musket 
should appear to say what he may say in regard to General 
Garfield. It so happens that in my own regiment we had 
one man carrying a musket who is now carrying it no 
longer, whom you will be glad, I am sure, to see when I 
present him to you, William McKinley." 

There was an outburst of cheers when the Major was 
introduced, but for a moment it seemed as if there would 
be no speech. He bowed his acknowledgments to the 
crowd and then sat down. A deafening uproar of cheers 
and applause followed and continued until the gallant 
Major again arose, and facing the multitude made this 
patriotic speech: 

Mr. President and my Fellow Citizens: It is not 
what we say of General Garfield here to-day, but what he 
did which will live. The nation loved Garfield and he was 
worthy of the nation's love. [Applause.] There perhaps 
was never in the United States, in the popular branch of 
Congress, a more majestic leader than James Abram Gar- 
field [applause] ; and as has already been said here to-day, 
that was his great, aye, his greatest field. He was the 
leader of that great body which is nearest to the hearts of 
the American people. [Applause.] I need not tell this 
vast audience that I loved James A. Garfield, that I found 
him when I went to the House of Representatives, fifteen 
years ago, the great leader of that hall; and from the 
moment I entered until his untimely death he was my 
friend, he was my adviser, and I come here to-day with 
the most affectionate regard and respect to join with you 
all in doing honor to his memory. [Applause.] He was 

83 



not only a great statesman, but he was a great soldier, and 
for the few months that he presided over the destinies of 
sixty millions of people he demonstrated that he was a 
great President. [Applause.] No President since the days 
of Washington and Lincoln and Grant has been closer to 
the hearts of the American people than was James A. 
Garheld. [Applause.] 

I heard him twenty-four years ago pronounce a eulogy 
upon the lamented Lincoln. He used these words — let me 
apply them to him to-day: 

Divinely gifted man 

Whose life in low estate began, 

And on a simple village green; 

Who breaks through birth's invidious ban, 

And grasps the skirts of happy chance. 

And breasts the blows of circumstance. 

And grapples with his evil star; 

Who made by force his merit known, 

And lived to clutch the golden keys, 

To mold a mighty State's decrees, 

And shape the whispers of the throne; 

And moving up, from higher to higher. 

Becomes, on fortune's crowning slope, 

The pillar of a people's hope, 

The center of a world's desire. 
Great cheering followed IVIajor McKinley's address. 

The Memorial Chorus sang "O, Weep for the Brave." 
The formal dedications then took place. Garfield was a 
member of Columbia Commandery, Knights Templar, of 
Washington, and the dedicatory services were rendered 
in accordance with the regular ceremony of the Order and 
under the auspices of the Grand Commandery, Knights 
Templar, of Ohio. These ceremonies were performed on 
the balcony of the Memorial, high above a sea of upturned 
faces. Following is the official order of service: 

ORDER OF SERVICE 

The officers of the Grand Commandery and the sev- 
84 



eral Sir Knights assigned to special duty, being stationed 
on the upper balcony of the monument at each corner of 
the balcony — North, South, East and West— one Sir 
Knight to give responses, and a bugler. 

The officers of the Grand Commandery and the 
Temple Quartette occupying position on the western line 
of the balcony, facing west. 

The Subordinate Commanderies in attendance being 
massed, Commandery front, at the south-west corner of 
the monument, and standing at parade rest. 

When these preliminary arrangements are completed 
and all is ready, the following service will be observed: 

The Grand Captain General will command: Atten- 
tion, Knights; uncover. 

The Sir Knights will promptly bring their swords to a 
carry, and remain in this position, uncovered, during the 
utterance of the following 

INVOCATION, BY THE GRANP PRELATE : 

O Lord! We approach Thee with solemn awe, and 
with becoming reverence, to offer our prayers at Thy feet. 

When conflicting opinions and opposing interests have 
divided the nations and tribes of men — when angry hosts 
have rushed into battle — when philanthropy has been in 
tears, and humanity been clothed in sack-cloth. Thy 
gentle hand has touched the wild tempest of humble 
passion, and Thy voice, which calmed storm-tossed Gali- 
lee, has commanded, "Peace, be still." In obedience to 
Thy behest, many a white-robed angel has borne trophies 
of lasting good to mankind from the bloody battlefield, as 
Runnymede and Appomattox can testify. "Even sorrow, 
touched by Thee, grows bright," and we have seen the 
evolution of Thy purposes out of the darkest and saddest 
years of our national history. It befits us to remember 
these things and to recognize Thy presence and Thy su- 
preme authority where we cannot hear Thy voice or see 
Thy hand. The safest and best commander of armies, like 
our own Washington, is a man of prayer. The best and 

85 



wisest statesman seeks counsel from Thee, as did our own 
Garfield, and heeds the words of Thy written law. In our 
nation's conflicts the warm unction of the people's trustful 
prayers was a stimulus to her struggling armies, and to her 
perplexed statesmen, while it served as a sedative to the 
excited and anxious homes from which our citizen soldiery 
had gone. Thus the final arbitrament was referred to Thee, 
and we gratefully accept the result. Reposing under the 
shadow of Thy protection we now beseech Thee to so rule 
and direct in the affairs of this nation that sober reason 
and just counsels may ever hereafter save us from domestic 
or foreign complications, and that in every controversy 
peaceful means may be sufficient to adjust them. We as- 
semble to-day, in this cemetery hallowed by the tears of 
sorrowing friends who have laid away their dead within 
this sacred enclosure, to set apart to its intended purpose 
this monument, erected to the meftnory of one whom the 
people had chosen to rule them by administering their 
laws. A cruel and guilty hand struck him down, and the 
whole land was then too much enraged at this stupendous 
wrong to mourn with meek and chastened tears, but 
alloyed their sorrow with resentful wrath, and left to this 
later day the expression of a more seemly sorrow, and with 
it the setting apart of this Memorial. As Abraham conse- 
crated Machpelah and Jacob his Bethel — as Sinai became 
a witness and Joshua reared his Gilgal, so we meet, on this 
occasion, to consecrate this monument, that it may ex- 
press the appreciation of a grateful people for Thy gift to 
them in the person of their knightly brother and honored 
ruler, James Abram Garfield, who was conspicuous both 
as a soldier and a statesman; and that it may direct the 
attention of the people of succeeding generations to his 
modest and masterful virtues. May this monument ever 
be a reproof to indolence, a check to vice and a stimulus to 
manly aspirations in the young men of this land who may 
hereafter look upon it! May it inspire hope in the hearts 
of toil-worn mothers when the burdens of life press them 
heavily, as they here contemplate the worth and high 
station reached by the humble widow's son! And, while 

86 



place and power are possible to few, may all learn that 
wrong and violence can rob the worthy for only a little 
season — that true worth will find its appropriate setting, 
and that although men may fail and err. Heaven stands 
pledged to put upon every head its appropriate crown! 
Grant Thy gracious blessing upon this order of Christian 
Knighthood — this assembly of the people of this city — 
this State — this Nation, and upon their rulers. May Thy 
benign guidance and protection extend to the President 
of the United States, his Cabinet, and those who have been 
called to preside within the nation's legislative halls! May 
her Senators learn wisdom from Thee — her Congressmen 
be zealous to do Thy will, and her courts judge according 
to Thy statutes, while her army and navy police both land 
and sea in such manner as to maintain the rights and pro- 
mote the welfare of all! May Thy Church on earth be 
pure, Thy ministers faithful, and may Thy revealed truths 
never be obscured by superstition! May the bright rays 
of Thy providential favor shine upon the American people 
in the face of Jesus Christ, the *'Sun of Righteousness," 
and may His beams speedily illumine the inhabitants of 
the whole earth, whose commingling joy shall then cele- 
brate in harmonious strains the triumphs of Him whose 
right it is to reign as "King of Kings and Lord of Lords." 
Grant these, our Heavenly Father, and all other gifts Thy 
sovereign wisdom may devise and Thy love bestow through 
Jesus Christ, our Mediator and Redeemer, and not unto 
us, but unto Thy name we will give all the glory! Amen. 

SELECTION BY TEMPLE QUARTETTE. 

It is the Lord's Own Day 
In all the wide expanse I hear 
One distant bell alone sounds clear, 
And lingering fades away. 

What sacred awe here reigns! 
A presence bright, unseen, though felt, 
87 



Kneels with us here in earnest prayer 
Upon the open plains. 

What awe here reigns; What awe here reigns. 

The heavens far away, so cloudless, 

Are so blue and clear, 

As though they were to earth more near. 

It is the Lord's own day, 

It is the Lord's own day. Amen. 

When completed, the Grand Commander will an- 
nounce : In pursuance of the duty assumed by the Grand 
Commandery, Knights Templar, of Ohio, we have as- 
sembled to-day to dedicate this Memorial with Knightly 
honors. 

The Grand Captain General will command : Present 
swords. 

The Grand Commander will ask: Sir Knight, is it 
well in the East? 

The Sir Knight stationed in the East will say: 
The sunbeams from the Eastern sky 
Flash from these blocks exalted high, 
And on their polished fronts proclaim 
Our worthy brother's widespread fame. 
The Grand Commander : Sir Knight, is it well in the 
West? 

The Sir Knight stationed there will say: 
The chastened sun adown the West 
Speaks the same voice and sinks to rest. 
No sad deflect, no flaw to shame 
Our worthy brother's lofty fame. 
The Grand Commander: Sir Knight, is it well in the 
South? 

The Sir Knight stationed there will say: 

Glowing beneath the fervid noon. 
This granite dares the Southern sun; 
Yet tells that wall of fervid flame. 
Our worthy brother's honest fame. 



The Grand Commander: Sir Knight, is it well in the 
North? 

The Sir Knight stationed there will say: 

Perfect in line, exact in square, 
The works of all our craftsmen are; 
They will to coming time proclaim 
Our brother's worthy, well-earned fame. 

The Grand Commander: Sir Knight, our Grand 
Marshal will make proclamation. 

Grand Marshal : Hear ye! Hear ye! Hear ye, valiant 
Knights of the temple : I am directed to proclaim, and do 
proclaim that this Memorial of our illustrious frater, Sir 
Knight James Abram Garfield, is now dedicated to the 
uses designed, and to the memory of those whose names 
are inscribed thereon. This proclamation I make to the 
East, to the West, to the South, and to the North. Due 
notice being given, let all govern themselves accordingly. 

As the Deputy Grand Commander pronounces the 
word "East" and salutes, the bugler on the eastern side 
will give one blast of his trumpet. 

As the West is saluted, the bugler on the western side 
will give two blasts of his trumpet. 

As the South is saluted, three blasts of the trumpet 
will be given by the bugler on the south. 

As the North is saluted and announced, the bugler 
will give four blasts of the trumpet. 

Grand Captain General: Carry swords. 

SELECTION OF TEMPLE QUARTETTE. . 

*^Cl)e flag B^itt)Dut a ^tatn^^ 

One hundred years I've waved o'er my people, 
O'er land and sea, o'er church tower and steeple. 
Foremost in battle, proudly I reign, 
Triumphant now o'er thee, without one stain. 
Oh how I trembled, when called alone to stand, 
But brave hearts sustained me, to wave o'er the land. 
89 



Refrain — Oh, my America! Oh, my America! 

Proudly I wave over thee, sweet land of 
liberty! 

No flag on earth shall insult this nation, 

Justice and right shall e'er be our relation. 

No creed or sect shall here ever reign 

While floats the stars and stripes without one stain. 

Stars once obscured are shining again; 

The angel of peace has wiped out all stain. 

Refrain — Oh, my America, etc., etc. 

Followed by trumpet call of dismissal by the four 
buglers in unison. 

Then the services at the stand below were finished. 
Led by the chorus and orchestra, the people sang the 
Doxology in unison. After the familiar and inspiring 
music of the grand old hymn had died away, the benedic- 
tion was pronounced by Rev. Dr. F. D. Power, ex-Chap- 
lain of the House of Representatives. 

In a large open space south of the Memorial, part of 
Battery A, First Ohio Artillery, had been stationed, and 
at the close of the exercises the thunder of the President's 
salute, twenty-one guns, echoed and reverberated across 
the country. 

FINALE. 

Then the vast concourse and assembly melted away, 
leaving the Man to memory and to Fame, and the 
Mausoleum to the keeping of the cycles of Time. 

And there it stands in solemn grandeur like the Pyra- 
mid in the midst of the land of Egypt, the pillar at the 
border thereof, a sign and a witness forever of a people's 
grateful recognition of the public services and personal 
virtues of a pre-eminent American citizen. 

Erected in the last decade of the fourth century of 
the re-discovery of the Continent, and in the first decade 
of the second century of the matchless American Republic^ 

90 



the question of the endurance of the Garfield Mausoleum 
irresistibly haunts the antiquarian mind, intensified by 
the sad reflections on the fate of nations, the perpetuity 
of the works of man, and human fame, when conscious 
that the identical statue, of colossal proportion, that 
crowned Artemisia's affectionate tribute to Mausolus, her 
husband, more than two thousand years ago, is now gazed 
upon in the British Museum! That the vast mausoleum 
of the Roman millionaire, on the Appian Way, built for 
the reception of the ashes ot the noble matron, Metella, 
his beloved wife, was long since dismantled of its internal 
marble and bronze finishings and art embellishments, and 
the ashes alike of husband and wife blown over the Cam- 
pagna and washed by the Tiber into the Tuscan sea. 

It is only a question of time when every structure of 
stone erected by man shall be disintegrated, dissolved, 
lost — ''and like the baseless fabric of a vision leave not a 
wreck behind." Wendell Phillips was wont to say that, 
"time enough being given, the pulsations of a girl's heart 
beating against a granite block would crush it to powder." 
Happily, Fame survives monuments of stone. As history 
has preserved the fame of the men of the Eastern world 
beyond all memorials erected in their honor, so will the 
heroes of the Revolution survive the Shaft of Bunker Hill, 
Washington his Monument at the Capital, Lincoln his 
Tomb in the heart of the Great Prairie, and Garfield his 
Mausoleum on the borders of an inland sea. 

It is believed that this last Memorial structure will 
exist intact and perfect in its colossal grandeur and decor- 
ative beauty for a hundred generations and so long as the 
Republic shall endure, constituting a shrine of domestic, 
filial and ancestral devotion — to which patriots shall make 
pilgrimage, and where successive generations of American 
youth, gazing upon the emblems there chiseled in stone, 
may learn a lesson sublime. 



91 



LETTERS 



Limit of space alone prevents the publication of the 
vast number of sympathetic and appreciative letters re- 
ceived by the committee, and those of Judge Miller and 
J. Randolph Tucker may be considered as types of all. 

Office of the Supreme Court, 
Washington, D. C, May 15, 1890. 

Hon. Amos Townsend: 

My Dear Sir: Yours of the 24th of April, inviting 
me to attend the dedication of the Memorial structure 
erected in honor of the late President Garfield, has been at 
hand for some time. I have delayed to answer because I 
did not know but that the exigencies of my official duties 
would permit me to have the pleasure of accepting your 
invitation. I find that other engagements which are im- 
perative will forbid my being present on that occasion. 

This is a source of much regret to me, as I was an 
intimate friend of President Garfield, and a great admirer 
of his political character and public life. I had the honor 
of serving with him on the Electoral Commission, and of 
listening to several arguments of his in our Supreme Court. 
In every place and in every station he was fully equipped, 
was upright and sound in his judgment. He well merits 
all the honor which can be bestowed upon him by the 
people of his State or the Nation. 

Please accept my thanks for your courtesy on this 
occasion. 

Yours very truly, 

Samuel F. Miller. 



93 



Lexington, Va., May 21, 1890. 
Hon. Amos Townsend, Chairman, etc. 

Dear Sir: Your invitation in the name of the Trus- 
tees of the Garfield Memorial Association, to be present 
at the dedication of a Memorial structure in honor and 
memory of President Garfield, has been received. By 
reason of other engagements it would be impossible for 
me to be present. 

To you, who knew the relations of friendship which 
subsisted between the late General Garfield and myself, 
I need not say how well I can appreciate the feeling of the 
people of his native State in perpetuating the memory of 
his great abilities, and his distinguished public service. 
No feeling of antagonism between the views we respectively 
held as to the constitutional policy of the Government can 
affect the just sentiments I feel for the testimonial you 
propose to one of the most eminent statesmen of the 
Union, and to a citizen whose extraordinary career re- 
flected great honor upon his native State — Ohio cannot 
fail to do honor to the man whose illustrious position in 
the counsels of the country did such signal credit to her. 

It is now nearly nine years since I followed his re- 
mains to your city; and the promise then made that his 
resting place should be marked by an appropriate me- 
morial, the trustees have now auspiciously fulfilled. 

Wishing that the occasion may be such as shall be 
agreeable to those who meet to do him honor, and tender- 
ing, as one who valued his friendship in life, my sympathy 
and regard for his family and friends, I am, sir. 

Very truly yours, 

J. R. Tucker. 



The Secretary of the Association, long in advance of 
Memorial Day, caused to be published in the public 
journals notice of the time and place of the dedication of 
the Memorial structure, and a general invitation to all 
civic and military organizations to participate therein. 

94 



To the President of the United States, and other high 
officials, he addressed special written invitations of the 
following import: 



Cleveland, O., April—, 1890. 
The President, Washington, D. C. 

The Garfield Memorial Association purpose to dedi- 
cate by appropriate public services the Memorial struc- 
ture erected in honor and memory of the late President 
Garfield, at Lake View Cemetery in this city, on National 
Memorial Day, May 30, next. The Trustees desire and 
respectfully solicit the President of the United States to 
honor the occasion by his personal presence. 

I avail myself of this occasion to assure you of our 
highest regard. 

Amos Townsend, 
Chairman Committee of Arrangements. 



The following invitation addressed to Lucretia R. 
Garfield was honored by her most graceful and gratifying 
response, alike by letter and by her personal presence: 



Cleveland, O., April 27, 1890. 

Mrs. Lucretia R. Garfield : 

Madam : The Garfield Memorial Association purpose 
to dedicate, by appropriate public services, the Memorial 
structure erected to the honor and memory of the late 
President of the United States, your distinguished hus- 
band, at Lake View, near this city, on National Memorial 
Day, May 30. 

The Trustees desire and earnestly solicit your appro- 
bation thereof, and especially that it may be your pleasure 
to signify the same by honoring the occasion by your 
personal presence. 

Receive, Madam, our highest regards. 

Amos Townsend, 
Chairman Committee of Arrangements. 
95 



To Hon. Amos Townsend, Chairman Committee of Arrange- 
ments : 

Sir: On my return from Washington, I found await- 
ing me the invitation from your committee for the dedi- 
catory services of the Garfield Memorial Association on 
May 30th. 

To this Association only most sincere gratitude is due 
for the loyalty and honor shown to General Garfield's 
memory, and it will be my pleasure to express some mea- 
sure of this gratitude by attendance on the occasion desig- 
nated. 

Pray extend to the gentlemen. Trustees of the As- 
sociation, my most distinguished regard. 

LucRETiA R. Garfield. 
Mentor, O., May 7th, 1890. 



Letters of regret were received by the committee from 
the representatives of foreign nations as follows: 

Sir Julian Paunceforte, British Minister; the Ministers 
of France, Germany, Russia, Denmark, the President of 
the Confederation of Switzerland, Ye Wau Yong, of the 
Legation of Korea, and Romero, Mexican Minister. 

Also from Admiral Porter, U. S. N., ex-President 
Cleveland, ex-Postmaster-General Vilas, Archbishop 
Elder, of Cincinnati, and the Governors of Maine, Rhode 
Island, New York, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, 
and Florida. 



FINALLY 

And now it is with pre-eminent satisfaction that the 
Garfield Memorial Association, the Trustees, the Execu- 
tive Committee thereof, and the local committees for the 
dedication of the Mausoleum, each and all, find apprecia- 
tion and approval of their patriotic devotion to the mem- 
ory and fame of the departed statesman in the following 
admirable communication : 

96 



:1 



To Honorable Amos Townsend, Secretary of the Garfield 
Memorial Association, Cleveland, Ohio: 

Dear Sir : The work which was begun in Cleveland 
almost nine years ago, and which was taken up and carried 
forward with loving zeal by the gentlemen who were made 
Trustees of the Memorial Association, is now accom- 
plished. A monument stands in its majesty and strength 
an expression of a people's will to do honor to General 
Garfield's memory, and by beautiful and impressive cere- 
mony has been dedicated as a testimonial alike to the 
worthiness of him who has left us, and to the loyalty and 
devotion of those who remained. 

Where art, and exertion, and love have done so much, 
it is scarcely possible for those who have been merely on- 
lookers, though feeling deepest interest, to convey to this 
Association, and through it to the people, adequate thanks 
for the effort made and the result achieved; but for my 
children, and for myself I earnestly desire that those who 
have so faithfully wrought may know, in some measure, 
our appreciation of their love and labor, and our deep 
and lasting gratitude. 

With highest regard. 

Yours most truly, 

LucRETiA R. Garfield. 

Mentor, O., June 3, 1890. 



97 



THE PROCESSION 



The great spectacular event of the day was the mih- 
tary and civic parade. Seldom, if ever, has Cleveland seen 
a grander or more brilliant pageant. Whether measured 
by the number of men participating, or the gathering of 
distinguished statesmen and soldiers, or yet by the noble 
object which called forth the demonstration, the event 
stands second to few in the history of the nation. 

The morning was bright, and the poeple early began 
to crowd the street cars that led to the center of the city. 
A few hours later the ''storm center" of interest had 
changed to Lake View, and as early as 9 o'clock the double 
and triple trains of electric cars on the East Cleveland 
road were crowded with eager passengers. 

There was no lack of the broad felt hats of the G. A. 
R., and many veterans, some crippled, and more beginning 
to feel the weight of years, turned out to honor the memory 
of their martyred comrade-in-arms. They joined the pro- 
cession at Dorchester Avenue. The representation of the 
Society of the Forty-second Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, 
that Garfield commanded, was especially good, nearly 
eighty men being in line. The Union Veterans' Union also 
had a good representation, and the banners of the Sons of 
Veterans gave promise of other hands to take up the me- 
morial duties when the last gray-haired veteran shall be 
mustered out. The second division, which included the 
local military companies, made a magnificent appearance. 
The Cleveland Cadets, who had the right of line. Company 
H, of Youngstown, Battery A, and the Catling Gun Bat- 
tery deserve special mention. The great and only Cleve- 

98 



land Grays received a constant ovation, as nearly a hun- 
dred strong they came down the avenue in open order. 
The Euclid Light Infantry and the Brooks Battalion were 
both well uniformed and well drilled. 

A full share of interest was reserved for the third 
division, containing the carriages of the President and all 
his noted retainers. No sooner were the nodding yellow 
plumes of the Forest City Troop seen than curb-stone 
stock was quoted at a premium, and continued to advance 
as the martial music of the Great Western Band, of San- 
dusky, came nearer. Soon the eyes of the spectators were 
attracted to a pleasant- faced gentleman on a big gray 
horse, who was bowing to the right and left, in response 
to applause and cheers. This was Governor Campbell, 
who, attended by his staff, rode at the head of the division. 
The rough and ready uniforms of the detachment of 
marines from the Michigan also caught the people. But 
when they saw President Harrison, who stood in his 
carriage and bowed his acknowledgments to the throng, 
cheer after cheer went up, and the enthusiasm was un- 
bounded. General Sherman was also greeted again and 
again, and Major McKinley, though confined in the pent- 
lip area of a closed carriage, did not escape the popular 
eye, and his silk hat was not allowed to remain long at 
rest any time during the journey. The parade of the 
Knights Templar was very imposing. Over a thousand of 
the fraternity gathered to pay a last tribute to their truly 
eminent Sir Knight, who exemplified in his life so many 
of the virtues of Free Masonry. The ofhcers of the Grand 
Commandery of the State were followed by Templars 
from all parts of Ohio, and preceded by representatives of 
the Grand Encampment of the United States. The 
Second Regiment, Uniformed Rank Knights of Pythias, 
and the Cantons of the Patriarch Militant of Odd Fellows 
were handsomely arrayed, and were greeted with applause 
from friends at frequent intervals. The Knights of St. 
John, and the German, Scotch, Bohemian, Polish and 
Hungarian Civic Societies were strong in numbers and 
well uniformed. The bagpipes that led the Cleveland 

99 



Caledonian Society and the Clan Grant piqued the interest 
of the indifferent, but stirred the hearts of the true sons of 
Scotland as no other music can. The Hiram Students, 
100 strong, and the 108 neatly uniformed Letter Carriers 
were hailed with appreciation. The Letter Carriers, in 
their straw hats and red button-hole bouquets, looked 
almost as ''fetching" as when they enter the yard with a 
long-expected letter. It was a great parade, successfully 
managed. It started on time and reached its destination 
without unnecessary delays. The line of march was 
beautiful in that perfection which only comes when the 
graces of Nature are wedded to those of art. The road 
was not dusty, a merciful haze shrouded the sun, the 
spectators were appreciative, and the water pure and 
plenty. The details of the formation of the column, and 
a correct list of military and civic organizations par- 
ticipating in it are given below: 

Eight mounted Policemen, in command of Sergeant 
Fred. Wood. 

Chief Marshal, General James Barnett. 

Adjutant General, General Ed. S. Meyer. 

Assistant Adjutant Generals, Colonel A. McAllister, 
Colonel E. M. Hays, U. S. A., Major W. F. Goodspeed, 
Major M. B. Gary, Major W. J. Gleason. 

Aides, Colonel W. H. Paine, Colonel M. L. Dempsey, 
Colonel Edgar Sowers, Colonel N. S. Coe, Colonel J. F. 
Herrick, Major W. P. Edgarton, Surgeon J. F. Isom, 
Captain Percy Rice, Captain H. Q. Sargent, Captain E. 
M. Hessler, Captain Felix Rosenberg, Captain H. A. 
Smith, Captain J. Weidenkopf, Lieutenant H. R. Adams, 
Lieutenant H. D. Fisher, Lieutenant J. S. Bradford. 

Forty-eight Policemen in command of Deputy Sup- 
erintendent James McMahon. 

FIRST DIVISION 

Captain J. B. Molyneaux, Assistant Marshal, com- 
manding. Aides, Captain A. Ward Fenton, Colonel J. F. 
Herrick, Captain H. A. Smith, Captain N. D. Fisher. 

100 



Society of the Forty-second Regiment, O. V. I. (Gar- 
field's), Colonel Don A. Pardee commanding. 

Aides, Captain E. D. Sawyer, Captain T. C. Parsons. 

The following members of the Regiment were in the 
procession: E. D. Sawyer, Cleveland; Edward B. Camp- 
bell, Cleveland; Don Van Deusen, Hinckley; Stephen M. 
Taylor, Dover; W. H. H. Monroe, Shamberg, Pa.; Marius 
Tuttle, North Dover; A. L. Clapp, Lodi; H. H. Bates, 
Springfield; A. M. Tuttle, North Dover; Herbert Persons, 
Oberlin; S. S. Oatman, Berea; Quincy A. Turner, Ann 
Arbor, Mich.; S. C. Rowley, Chicago, 111.; Henry Briggs, 
Mantua; A. C. Cooper, Caldwell; N. F. Dean, Cincinnati; 
George Messmer, Ekart, O.; Thomas C. Parsons, Cleve- 
land; Robert Pollock, Findlay; John H. Bowman, Salem; 
Zachariah Emery, Rouse, O.; Sherman M. Leach, Hiram; 
Joseph Rudolph, Mentor; Leander Johnson, Kent; James 
W. Barnard, St. Louis, Mich. ; George J. Williams, Youngs- 
town; L. H. Kiplinger, Ashland; C. B. Lamkin, Fitchville, 
O.; Thomas Armstrong, Barry, O.; George G. Striker, 
Mantua; E. McDougall, Medina; C. Pence, Youngs- 
town; Horace Diebler, Polk, O.; W. M. Starn, Ashland; 
O. S. Campbell, Crestline, O.; J. R. Sadler, Diamondale, 
Mich.; Henry Harger, i^kron; D. R. Buffenmire, Ashland; 
Benjamin F. Phinney, Cleveland; J. W. Hopte, Cleveland; 
J. A. Harris, Delta, O.; G. W. Foote, Atlanta, Ga.; George 
F. Brady, Norwalk, O.; C. S. An, Anderson; Henry Hentz, 
Shalersville; T. F. Williams, Avon, O.; Frederick Byers, 
West Salem; T. G. Parsons, Kent; F. V. Sheldon, La 
Grange; William H. Williams, Wellington, O.; W. M. 
Crandall, Rochester, O.; M. L. Benham, LeRoy, O.; A. 
Teeple, Akron; R. D. Kiplinger, Rochester, O.; C. J. 
Standard, Ravenna; R. H. Richards, Granger, O.; Miles 
Mack, Cleveland; H. C. Hotchkiss, Cleveland; George S. 
Pomeroy, Belden, O.; Jonah Stiles, Seville, O.; E. O. 
Harvey, Doylestown; D. C. Gardner, Ravenna; C. E. 
Henry, Dallas, Texas; Jacob James, New Castle, Pa.; 
Reuben Wall, Medina; William Sage, Elyria; George W. 
Waltz, W. H. Hickox, C. F. Lutz, G. Rutetel, William 
H. Buzant, H. P. Roskett, S. S. Alden, L. A. Sims, George 

101 



Hayden, Medina; P. F. Carlin, Cleveland; A. T. Royce, 
Lafayette, O.; J. W. Seymour, Norwalk; George K. Par- 
dee, Akron; J. S. Ross, Hubbard; R. C. Corlett, Cleveland. 

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 

Cuyahoga Battalion, Colonel C. C. Dewstoe com- 
manding. 

Staff — Lieutenant Colonel C. W. Sanborn, Major L. 
O. Harris, Adjutant E. S. Bullis, Quartermaster J. C. 
Walton, and J. L. Smith. 

Forest City Post, No. 556, Cleveland, Pard B. Smith 
commanding, sixty men. 

Logan Post, No. 282, Brecksville, Charles Stressing 
commanding, twenty men. 

H. G. Blake Post, No. 160, Medina, O., H. McDowell 
commanding, fifty men. 

O. J. Crane Post, No. 533, Cleveland, D. A. Kimball 
commanding, forty-six men. 

Memorial Post, No. 141, Cleveland, G. C. Barnes 
commanding, one hundred and fifty men and drum corps. 

Brough Post, No. 359, Collamer, William Jayred 
commanding, forty men. 

Lorain County Battalion, J. J. Thomas commanding. 

Richard Allen Post, of Elyria, Major Griswold com- 
manding, thirty men. 

UNION VETERANS' UNION. 

General W. T. Clark, Commander-in-Chief; Captain 
George A. McKay, Adjutant General ; F. B. Bell, Assistant 
Adjutant General; A. P. Fairbanks, Quartermaster Gen- 
eral; Levi F. Bauder, Judge Advocate General; Captain 
Daniel Rosers, Inspector-General. 

Rochester Cornet Band. 

General F. R. Loomis, Department Commander, 
commanding; aide. Colonel Conrad Beck. 

The following commands were represented, turning 
out about six hundred men: 



102 



Justice Command, No. 3, city, Colonel George W. 
Morris commanding. 

Merwin Clark Command, No. 3, city, Colonel James 
Hayr commanding. 

Boalt Command, No. 17, Norwalk, A. J. Akers com- 
manding. 

Major A. J. Snyder Command, No. 30, Fremont, J. 
M. Neibling commanding. 

John A. Logan Command, No. 15, McKeesport, 

Dowden commanding. 

A. Lincoln Command, No. 3, Pittsburg, General 
Houghton commanding. 

A. Lincoln Command, No. 1, Akron, O., General 
Taney hill commanding. 

Sandusky Command, No. 31, Sandusky, Colonel L 
F. Mack commanding. 

Clyde Command, No. 35, Clyde, O. 

SONS OF VETERANS. 

Fremont Light Guard Band. 

C. A. Buckland Camp, No. 4, Fremont, O., Captain 
H. S. Buckland commanding, ten men. 

Wheeler-Creighton Camp, No. 34, Cleveland, Cap- 
tain C. J. Shaw commanding, twenty-five men. 

SECOND DIVISION 

General M. D. Leggett, Assistant Marshal, com- 
manding; Chief of Staff, Colonel Louis Smithnight; As- 
sistant Adjutant General, Colonel P. M. Hitchcock; Aides, 
Colonel F. H. Flick, Major John Ganberlin, Captain G. S. 
Carpenter, United States Army, Captain F. A. Gay, 
Lieutenant A. C. Caine; Orderlies, Reuben Hitchcock 
and George Worthington. 

Mudra's Band. 

Fifth Regiment, O. N. G., Colonel J. W. Gibbons 
commanding. 

103 



Company B, of Cleveland, Captain Edmund M. 
Whitney commanding, sixty-five men. 

Company F, of Cleveland, Captain Daniel Fovargue 
commanding, fifty men. 

Company H, of Youngstown, Captain John A. Logan 
commanding, forty men. 

Company A, of Cleveland, Captain John J. Dal ton 
commanding, forty-nine men. 

Company C, of Burton, forty men. 

Washington Infantry, of Pittsburgh, Captain A. P. 
Shannon commanding, forty men. 

Eighteenth Regiment Band, of Pittsburg. 

Sheridan Sabers, of Pittsburg, Captain C. Smith 
commanding, twenty-six men. 

Euclid Light Infantry Band. 

Euclid Light Infantry, Captain V. E. Gregg com- 
manding, fifty men. 

St. Malachi's Band. 

Hibernian Guards, Major W. R. Ryan commanding, 
•fifty men. 

Knights of Temperance, Captain C. W. Brightman 
commanding, thirty-five men. 
Trinity Cadets, thirty boys. 
St. John's Cadets, thirty boys. 
Fourteenth Regiment Band. 

Pugh Videttes, of Columbus, Captain E. G. Bailey 
commanding, forty men. 

Grand Army Band, of Canton. 

Catling Gun Battery, of Cleveland (dismounted), 
Captain L. C. Hanna commanding, 75 men. 

Brooks Battalion, Major Ernest Farmer commanding, 
fifty men. 

The Cleveland Grays' Band. 

The Cleveland Grays, Captain W. J. Morgan com- 
manding, ninety men. 

104 



Battery A, First Light Artillery, Captain H. M. 
Clewell commanding, four guns and sixty men. 

THIRD DIVISION 

Governor Campbell and Staff, Colonel W. H. Hay- 
ward commanding division. Aides, Colonel A. M. Burns, 
Captain J. N. Stewart, Captain B. D. Annewalt, and 
Lieutenant C. E. Burke. 

First City Troop, Captain George A. Garretson com- 
manding, fifty-two men. 

Great Western Band, of Sandusky, twenty-five pieces. 

Marine and Sailors of the Michigan, Ensign Chapin 
commanding, seventy-five men. 

Carriages containing the President, Vice President, 
and Cabinet, and other National, State, and City Officials: 

First carriage, President Harrison, ex-President 
Hayes, Hon. Amos Townsend, and Mr. Dan P. Eells. 

Second carriage, Vice-President Morton, Lieutenant 
Governor Marquis, of Ohio, Mayor George W. Gardner, 
and Hon. M. A. Hanna. 

Third carriage, Secretary of the Treasury Windom, 
Postmaster General Wanamaker, ex-Governor Foster, 
and Major W. W. Armstrong. 

Fourth carriage. Secretary of Agriculture Rusk, 
Senator Manderson, of Nebraska, and Hon. D. A. Dangler. 

Fifth carriage, General Sherman, General Schofield, 
ex-Postmaster General James, and Mr. William Chisholm. 

Sixth carriage. Major William McKinley, Jr., General 
J. D. Cox, Bishop Leonard, of the Diocese of Ohio, and 
Mr. J. H. McBride. 

Seventh carriage, ex-Governor Buckley, of Connecti- 
cut, Senator Quinn, Governor Dillingham, and Mr. C. B. 
Lock wood. 

Eighth carriage, Governor Fairchild, of Wisconsin, 
Lieutenant Governor Smith, Lieutenant Governor May- 
nard, and Hon. O. J. Hodge. 

105 



Ninth carriage, General J. Warren Keifer, General 
Buckland, General O. Smith, and Hon. M. A. Foran. 

Tenth carriage, Colonel Corben, General G. B. 
Wright, General D. G. Swaim, and Mr. J. H. Wade. 

Eleventh carriage, Hon. A. G. Riddle, Congressman 
H. Stockbridge, and Hon. T. E. Burton. 

Twelfth carriage. Chief Justice Marshall and Judge 
Spear, of the Ohio Supreme Court. 

Carriages No. 13 and 14, Officers of the Michigan, 
Commander Wadleigh, Lieutenant Symonds, Ensign 
Shepley, Surgeon Baldwin, Paymaster Carpenter, and 
Chief Engineer Reed. 

Carriage No. 15, Department Commander Bowling 
and his aides. General W. J. Jones, and Colonel B. M. 
Moulton, of the Grand Army. 

Carriage No. 16, Bishop Gilmour, Rev. T. P. Thorpe, 
Rev. Mr. Boff, and Rev. Mr. Houck. 

Carriage No. 17, Mr. George Keller, of Hartford, 
architect of the monument; Mr. William H. Burke, master 
of the interior decorations; Thomas Keller, Mrs. George 
Keller, and Mrs. George W. Morgan. 

Carriage No. 18, Alexander Doyle, of New York, the 
sculptor of Garfield statue; Mr. W. R. Crawford, of Chi- 
cago; Hon. A. Pease, of Massillon. 

Carriage No. 19, Colonel Dobbleday and Hon. T. D. 
Crocker. 

Carriage No. 20, President Carter, of Williams 
College; General Coburn, of Indianapolis; Dr. J. I. Ely, 
of Iowa ; and Hon. George H. Ely. 

Carriage No. 21, Judge Dickman, Judge Wickham, 
of Norwalk; Judge M. Welker, and Hon. George T. Chap- 
man. 

Carriage No. 22, Hon. Charles Herrman, Hon. Thomas 
A. Cowgill, of Ravenna; Mr. H. C. Ranney, and Mr. 
M. Gallagher. 

Carriage No. 23, State Auditor Poe, Hon. H. S. 
106 



Chamberlain, of Chattanooga, Tenn.; Hon. R. M. Haines, 
of Grinnell, la.; Hon. E. H. Fitch, of Jefferson, O. 

Carriage No. 24, President Zollars, of Hiram College, 
and Mr. A. Teachout. 

Carriage No. 25, Professor B. A. Hinsdale, of Ann 
Arbor, Hon. Harmon Austin, and Andrew Squire, Esq. 

Carriage No. 26, Professor A. C. Pierson and Pro- 
fessor G. A. Peckham, of Hiram College, and Mr. N. P. 
Bowler. 

Carriage No. 27, Professor William Bowler, of Hiram 
College, and College Trustees E. L. Hall, J. T. Parmly, and 
E. B. Wakefield. 

Carriage No. 28, Rev. Lathrop Cooley, and Mr. H. 
L. Morgan, Trustee of Hiram College. 

Carriage No. 29, Colonel John Kinnane and wife, of 
Springfield, O., and Major W. R. Burnett, Mayor of 
Springfield, and Mrs. Burnett. 

Carriages Nos. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 
contained minor city officials, members of the City Coun- 
cil, Professor A. H. Thompson, of Brooks School, Mayor 
Blake and Councilman Leed, of Canton, Victor Gutz- 
weiler, and C. W. Randall, of Buffalo, N. Y. 

FOURTH DIVISION 

Em. Sir M. J. Houck, Grand Captain General K. T. 
of Ohio, commanding; Em. Sir H. P. Mcintosh, Grand 
Senior Warden, Chief of the Staff; Sir D. B. Wilcox, Ad- 
jutant General. Aides, Sir John A. Warner, Sir John P. 
McCune, Sir Charles E. Sheldon, Sir W. A. Eudaly, Sir 
H. M. Priest, Sir W. F. Baldwin, Sir L. C. Harris, Sir 
Joshua M. Booth, Sir W. T. Robbins, Sir F. W. Pelton, 
Sir George S. McGuire. 

KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. 

First Section — Em. Sir John P. McCune commanding. 
First Regiment Band, of Cincinnati. 
Hanselman Commandery, No. 16, of Cincinnati, 
John McLiesh commanding, one hundred swords. 

107 



Cathedral Band, of Pittsburg. 

Pittsburg Commandery, No. 1, Pittsburg, A. B. 
Youngron commanding, eighty swords. 

Detroit Commandery, No. 1, Detroit, Joseph Find- 
leter commanding, sixty swords. 

Second Section — Em. Sir Charles E. Shelden com- 
manding. 

United States Barracks Band, of Columbus. 

Mt. Vernon Commandery, No. 1, Columbus, Dr. D. 
N. Kinsman commanding, forty swords. 

Massillon Commandery, No. 1, Massillon, Captain 
General Baltsley commanding, forty swords. 

Windham Band. 

Oriental Commandery, No. 12, Cleveland, Captain 
General Foster commanding, one hundred swords. 

Norwalk Commandery, No. 18, Norwalk, James E. 
Sprague commanding, twenty swords. 

Third Section — Past Em. Sir L. C. Harris command- 
ing. 

Painesville Cornet Band. 

Eagle Commandery, Painesville, W. J. Haskell com- 
manding, forty swords. 

Cache Commandery, No. 27, Conneaut, J. F. Lane 
commanding, thirty-five swords. 

Garfield Commandery, No. 28, Washington Court 
House, Willis N. Allen commanding, twenty-four swords. 

Drum Corps. 

Holyrood Commandery, No. 32, Cleveland, J. S. 
Matthews commanding, one hundred and fifteen swords. 

Great Western Band, of Akron. 

Akron Commandery, No. 25, Akron, J. M. Hays 
commanding, forty swords. 

Light Artillery Band, of Cleveland. 

Forest City Commandery, No. 40, of Cleveland, 
George Presley, Jr., commanding, forty swords. 

108 

-i 



Independent Band, of Greenville, Pa. 

Warren Commandery, No. 39, Warren, O., George 
H. Taylor commanding, forty swords. 

Fourth Section — ^Em. Sir John A. Warner command- 
ing. 

Officers of the Grand Encampment, K. T. of U. S. A. 

Officers of the Grand Commandery of Ohio. 

Right Eminent Grand Commander Henry Perkins, 
of Akron, O. 

Personal Staff of the Grand Commander. 

Very Eminent Sir William B. Melish, Deputy Grand 
Commander. 

Eminent Sir Huntington Brown, Grand Generalis- 
simo. 

Eminent Sir L. F. Van Cleve, Grand Prelate. 
Eminent Sir William M. Meek, Grand Junior Warden. 
Eminent Sir J. Burton Parsons, Grand Treasurer. 
Eminent Sir John N. Bell, Grand Recorder. 
Eminent Sir W. S. Hufford, Grand Sword Bearer. 
Eminent Sir Jacob Randall, Grand Captain of the 
Guard. 

FIFTH DIVISION 

Colonel Louis Black, Assistant Marshal, command- 
ing; aides. Captain J. F. McCarthy, Sir A. Bichlmyer, 
Sir Adam Schneider, Sir Henry Weideman, Sir Philip 
Bishop. 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

Ohio Brigade K. P., General J. W. Greene and Staff. 

Second Regiment Uniformed Rank Knights of Py- 
thias, Lieutenant Colonel George Kieffer commanding. 

Eighth Regiment Band, of Akron. 

Preux Chevalier Division, No. 3, of Cleveland, Cap- 
tain J. L. Athey commanding, fifty- three men. 

109 



Standard Division, No. 41, of Cleveland, Captain I. 
W. Dodge commanding, twenty- four men. 

Cleveland Division, No. 8, Cleveland, Captain A. 
Petze commanding, twenty-four men. 

Oak Division, No. 20, Captain J. F. McCarthy com- 
manding, twenty-three men. 

Buckeye Division, of Ravenna, C. Ball commanding, 
twenty- four men. 

Red Cross Division, No. 27, of Cleveland, Captain 
L. A. Davis commanding, fifty men. 

SIXTH DIVISION 

Knights of St. John and Knights of Father Matthew, 
Colonel John Dunn, Assistant Marshal, commanding; 
aides, Adjutant William Kirk, John McKenna. 

First Battalion, Knights of St. John, Lieutenant 
Colonel R. E. Greene commanding. 

Hull's Band. 

Washington Assembly, Knights of St. John, Captain 
P. H. McMahon commanding, thirty-seven men. 

Lafayette Assembly, Knights of St. John, Captain 
Robert Kegg commanding, thirty-two men. 

St. Peter's Assembly, Captain Victor Senn command- 
ing, thirty men. 

St. Joseph's Assembly, Captain George Raquett 
commanding, seventeen men. 

Knights of Father Mathew, Captain Ed. R. Cum- 
mings commanding, thirty men. 

Sheridan Assembly, Captain C. A. Dainz command- 
ing, thirty-five men. 

St. Stephen's Assembly, Captain A. Beissenger com- 
manding, forty- four men. 

St. Francis Assembly, Captain E. Neiberding com- 
manding, thirty men. 

Immaculate Assembly, Captain J. H. Mangan com- 
manding, thirty men. 

Knights of Father Matthew, St. Malachi Assembly, 
1. Longtin commanding, thirty-eight men. 

110 



Woodland Cornet Band. 

Uniformed Letter Carriers, Captain Charles Zimmer- 
man, one hundred and eight men. 

SEVENTH DIVISION 

German Civic Societies, Captain E. H. Bohm, As- 
sistant Marshal, commanding; aides. Colonel W. A. Moore, 
Captain Charles Schmidt, Captain N. Weidenkopf, Cap- 
tain Theodore Voges. 

Knights of Pythias Band, of Cleveland. 

German Warriors' Association, Captain Chris Bender 
commanding, forty-five men. 

First Preussen Verein, Captain Paulus commanding, 
forty men. 

EIGHTH DIVISION 

Captain McNiel, Assistant Marshal, commanding; 
aides, P. Smith, F. Randall, E. Cowley, F. Bartuszewski, 
J. Ptak, F. Buettner, Luke Brennan, J. Sheehan. 

St. Stanislaus Band. 

Knights of St. Casimer, Martin Ygrabek command- 
ing, seventy-five men. 

Knights of St. Michael, Albert Makaski command- 
ing, forty-two men. 

Society of the Sacred Heart, Anton Novowski com- 
manding, fifty men. 

Society of St. Joseph, forty-five men. 

Society of St. Vincent de Paul, seventy-eight men. 

Star Cornet Band. 

St. Stanislaus Society, seventy-five men. 

NINTH DIVISION 
Hungarian Cornet Band. 

Hungarian Civic Societies, Captain Louis Perczel, 
Assistant Marshal, commanding ; Aide, August Sztatchou- 
sky. 

Ill 



Hungarian Aid Society, Captain J. S. Perley com- 
manding. 

Hungarian Benefit and Society Union, Captain 
William Lictig commanding. 

Batthyanyi Society, Captain S. Schweiger command- 
ing. 

Kossuth Society, Captain J. Eivan commanding. 
St. Saszlo Society, Captain J. Weiser commanding. 
St. Imre Society, Captain G. Weiser commanding. 
Diak Society, Captain M. Lengell commanding. 
These societies turned our over four hundred men. 

TENTH DIVISION 

Colonel Allan T. Brinsmade, Assistant Marshal, com- 
manding division; aides, H. B. Hannum, Victor Gutz- 
weiler, F. H. Morris, E. E. Beeman, Frank H. Many. 

Miscellaneous Civic Societies. 

Ohio Division Independent Foresters, Colonel Ferd 
Gunzenhauser commanding; Chief of Staff, W. Oehlstrom; 
aides, William Bentel, L. A. Dehler, James Caldwell, L. 
Wenifield, two hundred men. 

Cleveland Caledonian Club, Chief F. H. Taylor com- 
manding, twenty-five men. 

One hundred Students of Hiram College, Captain A. 
V. Taylor commanding. 

Clan Grant, No. 17, Order of Scottish Clans, of 
Cleveland, W. A. Affleck commanding, twenty-five men. 

Bohemian Citizens' Lodge, Captain E. Vapolecky 
commanding, twenty-eight men. 

ELEVENTH DIVISION 

Colonel C. L. Alderson, Assistant Marshal, com- 
manding; aides. Captain C. C. Benham, Captain E. C. 
Cook, Captain J. D. Anderson, Captain W. H. Lutton, 
Captain F. Friedley. 

UNIFORMED RANK, ODD FELLOWS. 

J. L. Hudson's Band. 

112 



Canton Cuyahoga, Lieutenant R. H. Stone com- 
manding, sixty men. 

Canton Expeditas, of Akron, Captain Howard E. 
Sears commanding, fifty men. 

Canton Cleveland, of Cleveland, Captain Frank 
Friedler commanding, forty men. 

Canton Calumet, of Norwalk, Captain S. C. Craw- 
ford commanding, thirty-eight men. 

Canton Ashland, of Ashland, Captain S. L. Arnold 
commanding, thirty-five men. 

TWELFTH DIVISION 

This was the largest division in the entire procession, 
and was officered as follows: Captain M. G. Browne, 
Assistant Marshal, commanding; aides. Captain W. H. H. 
Peck, Captain George W. Lewis, Captain S. W. Burrows, 
Edgar E. Strong, U. S. Grant. 

The division was composed of citizens unattached 
and in carriages. There were at least one hundred car- 
riages in the rear of the procession. This division formed 
on Dodge Street, with its right resting on Euclid Avenue. 



U3 



THE RETURN AND ENTOMBMENT 



The day following the announcement of the death of 
the President, thousands of people viewed the remains 
during the hours they were in state at Elberon. Brief 
services were conducted in the presence of the family and 
a few friends, by Rev. Charles J. Young, pastor of the 
church at Long Branch. The Cabinet made preparations 
for imposing funeral ceremonies. A special train con- 
veyed the funeral party to Washington, and the remains 
were in state at the Capitol until Friday afternoon. Sol- 
emn funeral services were held before a large assemblage, 
comprising Senators and Representatives, Judges of the 
Supreme Court, the foreign legations and prominent Court 
officials. Rev. Dr. Rankin read a Scriptural selection. Rev. 
Isaac Errett made the opening prayer, the discourse was 
delivered by Rev. F. D. Powers, and Rev. J. G. Butler 
closed the ceremonies with prayer. 

On the journey from Washington to Cleveland,the 
people everywhere gave token of their respect and be- 
reavement. At East Liverpool a beautiful funeral arch 
had been erected, and at Wellsville Governor Foster and 
his staff met the train. During the trip the Escort Com- 
mittee selected the pall-bearers and they were approved 
by Mrs. Garfield. The pall-bearers chosen were: Hon. 
W. S. Streator, Hon. C. B. Lockwood, Mr. J. H. Rhodes, 
H. C. White, Esq., Judge R. P. Ranney, Judge J. W. Tyler, 
Mr. Edwin Cowles, Mr. Dan P. Eells, Hon. R. C. Parsons, 
Mr. Selah Chamberlain, William Robison, Esq., and Cap- 
tain C. E. Henry. As the train neared Cleveland the 
crowds grew thicker and closer, and from Newburg to 

114 



Euclid Avenue there was scarcely a break in the mass of 
people that lined the tracks. The houses were all hung 
with crape, flags were at half mast, and the ringing of the 
church bells told of the city's sorrow. The Euclid Avenue 
Station was the destination of the train, and a host of 
people were there when it arrived at 1 :20 o'clock, Saturday 
afternoon. Mrs. Garfield and her party were driven in 
eight carriages to the home of James Mason, Esq. The 
casket was placed in a hearse and escorted to the catafalque 
in the center of the Public Square by a funeral cortege 
arranged as follows: Colonel Wilson and staff, Silver 
Gray's Band, First City Troop, Reception Committee in 
carriages, Holyrood and Oriental Commanderies of 
Knights Templar, Escort Committee in carriages, hearse 
with eight black horses led by William Waller, James 
Tilley, H. J. DeKidd, George Lawson, and Joseph Mann, 
and guarded by Knights Templar in columns of three, 
flanked by ten horsemen of the First City Troop on each 
side; band, Cleveland Grays, veterans of Garfield's regi- 
ment (the Forty-second Ohio Volunteers), members of 
the Cabinet in carriages. General Sherman and aides, 
Guard of Honor composed of officers of the army and navy, 
United States Senators and Representatives in carriages, 
and distinguished guests in carriages. The casket was 
placed on the dias in the catafalque, and a detachment of 
the Cleveland Grays was placed on guard. The catafalque 
was probably the finest temporary structure of the kind 
ever erected in America, and it was viewed by the great 
crowds of visitors with wonder and admiration. The 
structure was located at the intersection of Superior and 
Ontario streets, and was forty feet square at the base. The 
four fronts were spanned by arches twenty-four feet wide 
at the base, and thirty-six feet high. The dais upon which 
the casket rested was five and one-half feet high and cov- 
ered with velvet, handsomely festooned. A long carpeted 
walk ascended to the floor from the east and west fronts. 
The pavilion was seventy-two feet high to the apex of the 
roof. The columns at each side of the arches were orna- 
mented by shields of beautiful design and exquisitely 

115 



draped. Over these were suspended unfurled flags. The 
centers of the arches bore similar shields, and groups of 
furled flags were displayed at the angles of the roof. Pro- 
jecting from the angles at the base were elevated plat- 
forms, each with a piece of field artillery, and occupied by 
fully uniformed military guards. In and about the pavil- 
ion were the choicest floral specimens of beauty and frag- 
rance, and prominent among them were a car-load of 
flowers given by Cincinnati florists. 

Massive and beautiful arches spanned the four en- 
trances to the Square. The towers were four feet square, 
supported by heavy buttresses on three sides and thirty 
feet in height. The whole was covered with 1,000 yards 
of black bunting, decorated with flowers, festoons of ever- 
green, etc., and the towers were inscribed with the names 
of the States and suitable mottoes. 

On Sunday, the casket was in state, and all day and 
all night a ceaseless throng of people marched, four 
abreast, through the pavilion. At 11 o'clock Sunday 
morning the line of people marching through the catafalque 
extended from the Square to the Viaduct drawbridge, the 
number of people during the day exceeding 100,000. 

In the afternoon a number of appropriate selections 
were rendered at the pavilion by the Marine Band. Me- 
morial services were conducted at all the city churches on 
an elaborate scale, and addresses were delivered by many 
of the distinguished visitors in the city. During all of 
Saturday and Sunday the railroads and lake boats were 
taxed to their fullest capacity in bringing in strangers, and 
on Sunday night more than one hundred thousand visitors 
were in the city. 

Monday, September 26th, the day appointed for the 
grand obsequies, came in bright and clear. The sun rose 
brilliantly, and a cool breeze swept over the city from the 
lake. At an early hour the streets were alive with people, 
and by 10 o'clock Monumental Park was surrounded by a 
surging mass of struggling human beings, so densely 
packed that women fainted, children screamed, and strong 

116 



men gasped for breath as the Hving throng surged from 
place to place in the vain endeavor to get nearer the guard 
line along the route of the procession. 

The city presented a remarkable appearance, and the 
scene will undoubtedly live always in the memory of those 
who witnessed it. Every business block in the central part 
of the city was elaborately and handsomely draped with 
white and black bunting, and pictures of the dead Presi- 
dent were to be seen everywhere. Private residences 
throughout the city were also draped, and at every resi- 
dence on Euclid Avenue there was evidence of mourning. 
Huge Gothic arches spanned the roadways at Superior 
and Erie Streets, Euclid and Erie, Euclid and Willson, 
Euclid and Doan, and at the entrance to Lake View 
Cemetery. 

At 9 o'clock the guard lines were closed up and the 
people were excluded from the catafalque. Half an hour 
later the funeral car drove around the southern side of the 
Square and entered at the eastern arch. It presented an 
imposing and mournful appearance. 

The plan for the car is said to have been original with 
Mr. John Tod, and it was certainly beautiful and appro- 
priate. It consisted of a platform eight by sixteen feet, 
supported on four heavy truck wheels. From the edge of 
the platform to within an inch of the ground heavy black 
drapery, bordered with silver fringe, was suspended. Im- 
mediately below and contiguous to the platform hung folds 
of heavy white silk, caught up with black silk cord. Two 
terrace steps led up to the pall. Between the steps rolls of 
immortelles ran around the whole car. On each corner of 
the platform was a stand of flags draped in black. The 
arched canopy was supported by three columns on each 
side, covered with black broadcloth and coiled garlands of 
immortelles, and with capitals of Egyptian design. Just 
above the columns ran a projecting cornice with black and 
white rosettes in the frieze, under which were hung festoons 
of heavy broadcloth and silver fringe, large wreaths of 
immortelles being displayed in the shape of lambrequins. 

117 



On the corners above the canopy were black ostrich 
plumes. The dome of the canopy was six feet above the 
cornice, covered with black cloth and surrounded with 
immortelles. On the corners of the dome were beautiful 
black plumes; the whole crowned by a large urn wreathed 
with immortelles. The ceiling of the canopy was formed 
by alternate folds of black cloth, white silk, and some 
bright red material. The casket stood on a dais of ample 
size covered with black broadcloth and bordered along 
the upper edge with immortelles. The car was drawn by 
twelve black horses, four abreast, led by six colored 
grooms. The horses were caparisoned with heavy black 
cloth covers bordered with silver fringe, and carried black, 
white- tipped plumes. 

At 9:25 o'clock the Cleveland Vocal Society in full 
force entered the Square from the east and took seats at 
the extreme south of the platform running from the pavil- 
ion up Ontario Street to the southern gate. At 9 :40 o'clock 
ex-President and Mrs. Hayes, Hon. William M. Evarts, 
Governor Foster, Bishop Bedell, Rev. Dr. J. W. Brown, 
and other gentlemen, with ladies, passed through the 
catafalque and examined the casket and flowers. Chief 
Justice M. R. Waite was the first of the distinguished 
guests to ascend the southern platform, in company with 
Hon. H. B. Payne. He was accompanied by Mr. Blaine, 
Secretary of State, Justices Strong, Harlan and Mathews, 
and ex-Minister Edward F. Noyes. Then came Messrs. 
H. M. Nichols and H. R. Groff, and soon, in full uniform, 
General William T. Sherman, General Philip H. Sheridan, 
General Winfield Scott Hancock. Rear Admiral John 
Rodgers, Admiral Stanley, Commodore Ingalls, Quarter- 
master General Meigs, Surgeon General Wales, Adjutant 
General Drum, Chief Paymaster Looker, Colonel Ward 
and Colonel Tourtelotte. In a minute or two a large 
number of members of the United States Senate ascended 
the platform. The party included Hon. John Sherman, 
General John A. Logan, Hon. Don Cameron, Hon. G. 
H. Pendleton, Hon. George F. Edmunds, General Benja- 
min Harrison, and Hon. Thomas F. Bayard. The order in 

118 



which the guests were seated on the platform was as 
follows: Army and navy guard of honor, Justices of the 
Supreme Court, Governors of States, Lieutenant Gover- 
nors, Senators, Representatives, other officers of the army 
and navy, Society of the Army of the Cumberland, class- 
mates of President Garfield, Mayors of cities. Council- 
men and Aldermen. 

A few minutes after 10 o'clock a long, double line of 
carriages entered the Square from the east, and the occu- 
pants entered the catafalque. They were Mrs. Garfield 
and the members of her family, Mrs. Eliza Garfield, the 
President's mother, members of the Cabinet and their 
wives. Judge Advocate General Swaim, Private Secretary 
J. S. Brown, and a number of other relatives and friends. 
A hedge of shrubs and plants shut the interior of the cata- 
falque from view, and the family and friends were alone 
with the dead. At 10:30 o'clock about eighty members of 
the House of Representatives, closely followed by Gover- 
nor Charles Foster and his glittering staff, Governor 
Cornell, of New York, and twenty gray-haired classmates 
of the President, took seats on the platform. A moment 
later the minute guns in Lake View Park announced the 
time for beginning services. A round table with a Bible 
and hymn-book were on the platform, and about it were 
seated Rt. Rev. Bishop G. T. Bedell, Rev. Isaac Errett, 
Rev. Dr. Ross C. Houghton, Rev. Dr. Jabez Hall, Rev. 
Dr. Charles S. Pomeroy, and Rev. A. H. Norcross. Dr. 
J. P. Robison announced singing by the Cleveland Vocal 
Society, and the Society sang a portion of Beethoven's 
Funeral Hymn. Bishop Bedell read selections from the 
Scriptures, and Rev. Dr. Houghton followed with a short 
and fervent prayer. After the Vocal Society had sung 
"To Thee, O Lord, I Yield My Spirit," Rev. Isaac Errett, 
of Cincinnati, who had been chosen at Mrs. Garfield's 
request, delivered an eloquent address, taking for his text: 
''And the archers shot King Josiah, and the king said to his 
servants, have me away, I am sore wounded," etc. When 
he had concluded, Rev. Dr. Jabez Hall read the "Reaper 
Song," which was a favorite of the late President, and 

U9 



after it had been sung by the Vocal Society, Rev. Dr. 
Pomeroy offered prayer and the benediction. The pro- 
cession was immediately formed, and the line of march 
was taken up for the cemetery. The demonstration was 
one of the largest and most imposing ever seen in the 
country. It was estimated that the parade comprised 
25,000 men, was five miles long, and required two hours to 
pass a given point. 

The first six divisions marched until the head reached 
the cemetery, when the lines opened that the funeral car 
might pass through. At 3 :40 o'clock the funeral car, with 
its somber decorations, drew up in front of the vault at 
Lake View, and the pall-bearers and guard of honor 
formed a double line from the car to the sepulcher. A 
canopy was erected in front of the vault, and beneath was 
a carpet hidden from view with flowers. There was a 
heavy downfall of rain while the procession was on the 
way to the cemetery and again during the services at the 
cemetery. The ceremonies there were brief and simple. 
The Marine Band rendered ''Nearer My God to Thee," 
and Rev. J. H. Jones, Chaplain of the Forty-second Regi- 
ment, delivered a brief funeral oration. Dr. Robison then 
announced that the Cleveland Gesangverein would sing 
General Garfield's favorite funeral ode, the nineteenth ode 
of Horace. They rendered the selection with an impressive 
effect. Professor B. A. Hinsdale pronounced the benedic- 
tion, and all was over. The friends, the relatives, and the 
finely equipped military and civic societies departed, and 
the home of the dead was left to the multitude, and the 
lonely vigils of the military guard at the vault, under the 
command of Lieutenant Clarence R. Edwards. 



120 



COMMITTEES 



COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. 

Designated by the Board of Trustees. 

HON. AMOS TOWNSEND, GEN. JAMES BARNETT, HON. R. B. HAYES, 
HON. W. S. STREATOR, J. B. PARSONS. 



RECEPTION COMMITTEE. 



HON. J. H. WADE, 
COL. WM. EDWARDS, 
GEN. M. D. LEGGETT, 
SAMUEL ANDREWS, 
CHARLES F. BRUSH, 
WM. CHISHOLM, 
JOHN TOD. 
GEO. W. HOWE, 
COL. JOHN HAY, 
SELAH CHAMBERLAIN, 
HON. LEE MCBRIDE, 
G. E. HERRICK, 
JUDGE J. M. JONES, 
R. R. RHODES, 
LOUIS H. SEVERANCE, 
HON. WM. BINGHAM, 
OHN F. WHITELAW, 
FAYETTE BROWN, 
CAPT. P. G. WATMOUGH. 



DAN P. EELLb, 
HON. R. C. PARSONS, 
HON. GEO. H. ELY, 
HON. S. BUHRER, 
HON. CHAS. A. OTIS, 
H. R. HATCH, 
HON. N. B. SHERWIN, 
SAMUEL L. MATHER, 
HON. T. E. BURTON, 
A. WIENER, 
HON. O. J. HODGE, 



HON. M. A. HANNA, 
H. D. COFFINBERRY, 
HON. JOSEPH TURNEY, 
HON. H. B. PAYNE, 
R. K HAWLEY, 
W. J. MCKINNIE, 
L. E. HOLDEN, 
JUDGE S. BURKE, 
HON. R. R. HERRICK, 
CHAS. WESLEY, 
H. C. RANNEY, 



HON. W. W. ARMSTRONG, S. T. EVERETT, 



HON. J. H. FARLEY, 
J. B. ZERBE, 
HON. M. A. FORAN, 
E. R. PERKINS, 
BOLIVAR BUTTS, 
GEO. T. CHAPMAN, 



HON. G. W. GARDNER, 
SAMUEL W. SESSIONS, 
HON. C. B. LOCKWOOD, 
HON. D. A. DANGLER, 
CHARLES HICKOX, 
GEO. W. PACK, 



121 



COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. 
J. H. McBride, Chairman. 

Sub-divided as follows: 

BANKS AND CAPITALISTS. 

D. P. EELLS, SAMUEL MATHER, M. A. HANNA. 

HOTELS. 

CHAS. H. BULKLEY, CHAS. WESLEY. 

RESTAURANTS AND BREWERIES. 

N. P. MCKEAN, L. SCHLATHER, JAMES GIBBONS. 

SUPERIOR STREET TO SQUARE. 

H. R. HATCH, H. S. WHITTLESEY. 

MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESS INTERESTS 
IN GENERAL, FLATS AND WEST SIDE. 

JOHN F. PANKHURST, I. P. LAMSON, JACOB B. PERKINS, 

v HENRY D. COFFINBERRY. 

WATER, BANK AND ST. CLAIR STREETS TO ERIE. 

S. C. FORD, J. H. MCBRIDE, STILES H. CURTISS. 

PUBLIC SQUARE, SUPERIOR, EUCLID, PROSPECT STREET 
TO ERIE, INCLUDING STREET RAILROADS. 

MYRON T. HERRICK, JAMES PARMELEE, PERCY W. RICE, 

N. O. STONE, GEO. P. WELCH. 

SHIPPERS, COAL AND ORE DEALERS. 

JOHN TOD, J. B. ZERBE, H. H. BROWN, 

C. J. SHEFFIELD. 

MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESS IN GENERAL, EAST OF 
ERIE AND NORTH OF EUCLID. 

J. K. BOLE, CLARENCE E. BURKE, DOUGLASS PERKINS. 

122 



LUMBER MANUFACTURERS AND BUILDERS. 

CHAS. L. PACK, T. S. KNIGHT. 



NEWBURGH AND ALL EAST AND SOUTH OF PERRY. 

JOSEPH TURNEY, O. M. STAFFORD, C. A. GRASSELLI 



ONTARIO, WOODLAND, BROADWAY AND INTERMEDIATE 
TERRITORY TO PERRY. 



H. M. BROWN, 



KAUFMAN HAYS, 



WM. E. CUBBIN 



J. H. WADE, JR., 



RAILROADS. 

SAMUEL MATHER, 



JOHN TOD. 



COMMITTEE ON MILITARY. 



GEN. M. D. LEGGETT, JUDGE A. J. RICKS, 
CAPT. G. A. GARRETSON, CAPT. F. A. KENDALL, 
MAJOR L. C. OVERMAN, COL. W. H. HAYWARD, 
LIEUT. HENRY FRAZEE, MAJOR W. R. RYAN, 
COL. L. SMITHNIGHT. 



COL. JOHN W. GIBBONS, 
CAPT. W. J. MORGAN, 
CAPT. L. C. HANNA, 
LIEUT. H. S. STEBBINS, 



COMMITTEE ON MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 



HON. G. W. GARDNER, WM. J. GLEASON, 
F. O. SPENCER, DR. G. C. ASHMUN, 

COL. A. T. BRINSMADE, H. H. BURGESS, 



JACOB W. SCHMITT, 
J. C. SIEGRIST, 
C. G. FORCE. 



COMMITTEE ON GRAND ARMY AND OTHER VETERAN 
SOLDIERS. 



C. C. DEWSTOE, 
W. T. CLARK, 
G. C. BARNES, 
T. W. BRAINARD, 
C. GRISWOLD. 



COL. JAMES PICKANDS, 
COL. M. L. DEMPCY, 
JAMES HAYR, 
W. J. PETERS, 



O. P. LATIMER, 
J. C. WALTON, 
J. L. SMITH, 
C. N. THORPE. 



COMMITTEE ON CIVIC SOCIETIES. 

MAJOR WM. J. GLEASON, C. L. ALDERSON, ERNST KLEIN, 

COL. A. T. BRINSMADE, CAPT. E. H. BOHM, JOHN DUNN, 

COL. LOUIS BLACK, W. A. MANNING, JOHN F. COSTELLO, 

JAMES CORRIGAN. 

123 



COMMITTEE ON MASONIC BODIES. 

H. P. MCINTOSH, W. T. ROBBINS, A. B. FOSTER, 

W. J. AKERS, F. E. WRIGHT, J. A. MATTHEWS, 

HON. F. W. PELTON, H. W. HUBBARD, J. B. PARSONS. 

COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION. 

COL. A. J. SMITH, F. DE HASS ROBISON, COL. A. M. TUCKER, 

TOM L. JOHNSON, HENRY A. EVERETT, E. P. WRIGHT, 

ROBERT BLEE, A. B. HOUGH, JOHN THOMAS, 
LEWIS WILLIAMS. 

COMMITTEE ON PRINTING AND PRESS. 

JUDGE H. C. WHITE, HON. JOHN C. COVERT, W. M. BAYNE, 

CAPT. J. B. MOLYNEAUX, R. R. HOLDEN, GEO. A. ROBERTSON. 

COMMITTEE ON MUSIC. 

S. A. FULLER, AMOS DENISON, N. COE STEWART, 

JOHN R. RANNEY, J. V. N. YATES, 

COMMITTEE ON CARRIAGES. 

J. B. PERKINS, HENRY BLOSSOM, GEO. W. SHORT, 

FERD W. LEEK, CHAS. A. BRAYTON. 

COMMITTEE ON DECORATION. 

COL. A. MCALLISTER, WM. H. ECKMAN, JOHN M. STERLING, 

H. M. CLAFLEN, M. G. WATTERSON. LEVI T. SCOFIELD. 

CAPT. J. C. SHIELDS. 



124 



CONTRIBUTIONS 

TO THE 

GARFIELD MEMORIAL FUND 

(TO APRIL 1st, 1889) 



Alabama $ 37 00 

Arkansas 123 20 

California 320 30 

Colorado 758 74 

Connecticut . 1,096 25 

Delaware 85 00 

Florida 20 00 

Georgia 139 00 

Illinois 5,396 53 

Indiana 1,396 91 

Iowa 2,825 35 

Kansas 1,479 61 

Kentucky 190 79 

Louisiana . 49 40 

Maine ........... 1,610 GO 

Maryland . Ill 95 

Massachusetts 480 88 

Michigan 624 72 

Minnesota 273 25 

Mississippi 126 00 

Missouri 1,451 00 

Nebraska 369 91 

Nevada 22 00 

New Hampshire 342 00 

New Jersey 853 67 

New York 14,109 24 

North Carolina 4 00 



125 



Ohio as follows: 

Contributions of Citizens of Cleveland in 

sums from $100 to $1,000 . . . $62,350 00 

Smaller Contributions by Citizens of 

Cleveland 13,044 82 

From Ohio, outside of Cleveland . . . 10,370 30 

Knights Templar of Ohio 4,328 91 

Oregon 959 37 

Pennsylvania 1,780 79 

Rhode Island 62 34 

South Carolina 33 00 

Tennessee . . . . 129 93 

Texas 579 20 

Vermont . 66 00 

Virginia 40 00 

West Virginia 422 67 

Wisconsin 1,915 77 

TERRITORIES. 

Arizona $ 39 85 

Dakota 28 00 

Idaho 12 00 

Indian 18 00 

Montana 1,922 00 

New Mexico 213 00 

Utah . 223 00 

Washington 428 00 

Wyoming 273 45 

District of Columbia . 9 05 

FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

England $ 5 00 

France 1,149 16 

Australia 12 00 

Canada 3 00 

Belgium 40 00 



Total Contributions . . . $134,755 76 
The contributions were loaned out subject to call at 
four per cent, to Banks in Cleveland, and the amount 
thereby increased from all sources to about $150,000. 

126 



NAMES AND DATES OF DEATH OF TRUSTEES OF 
THE GARFIELD MEMORIAL WHO HAVE 
SERVED AT VARIOUS TIMES BETWEEN 
1881 AND 1923. 



Barnett, James 
Bingham, William 
Blaine, Jas. G. . 
Carson, Enoch . 
Cornell, A. B. 
Chamberlain, Selah 
Corner, H. B. . 
Devereaux, J. H. 
Dean, Benjamin 
Edwards, William 
Eells, Dan P. . 
Foster, Charles 
Garfield, Abram. 
Garretson, G. A. 
Handy, T. P. . 
Hay, John . 
Hayes, Rutherford B, 
Hurlbut, H. B. 
Parsons, J. B. . 
Payne, H. B. . 
Perkins, Joseph 
Perkins, H. B. . 
Perkins, Douglas 
Robison, J. P. 
Rhodes, J. H. . 
Rockefeller, John D. 
Squire, Andrew 
Streator, Worthy S 
Townsend, Amos 
Wade, J. H. . 
White, H. C. . 
Withers, Robert 
Wade, J. H., Jr. 



Jan. 13, 1911 
April 11, 1894 
Jan. 27, 1893 
Feb. 23, 1899 
Oct. 15, 1904 
May 19, 1891 
Dec. 23, 1921 
May 25, 1896 

Sept. 2, 1898 
Aug. 17, 1903 
Jan. 9, 1904 

Dec. 16, 1916 
May 25, 1898 
July 1, 1905 
Jan. 17, 1893 
Mar. 25, 1884 
Sept. 16, 1901 
Sept. 9, 1895 
Nov. 28, 1914 

Mar. 25, 1921 

Feb. 14, 1909 



Mar. 25, 1902 
Mar. 17, 1895 
Aug. 11, 1890 
July 25, 1905 



127 



MONEY RECEIVED BY THE CUSTODIAN OF 
THE GARFIELD MEMORIAL FOR ADMISSIONS 
AND FOR SALES OF SOUVENIRS, FROM 
APRIL 23, 1888 TO OCTOBER 1, 1923. 





Visitors 
Number 


Fees 


Sales 


Total 


First Ten 












Years. . . . 


679,932 $67,993 


20 $20,076. 80$ 


88,070.00 


1899 


49,859 


4,985 


90 


1,206.45 


6,192.35 


1900 


42,209 


4,220 


90 


1,256.10 


5,477.00 


1901 


56,031 


5,603 


10 


1,764.70 


7,367.80 


1902 


78,998 


7,899 


80 


3,742.05 


1,641.85 


1903 


52,084 


5,208 


40 


2,573.45 


7,781.85 


1904 


50,742 


5,074 


20 


2,437.50 


7,511.70 


1905 


43,081 


4,308 


10 


2,138.95 


6,447.05 


1906 


42,507 


4,250 


70 


2,242.65 


6,493.35 


1907 : 


40,217 


4,071 


70 


2,361.75 


6,433.45 


1908 


40,845 


4,084 


50 


2,162.10 


6,246.60 


1909 


37,165 


3,716 


50 


2,063.15 


5,779.65 


1910 


32,068 


3,206 


80 


1,922.40 


5,129.20 


1911 


31,750 


3,175 


00 


1,944.35 


5,119.35 


1912 


26,201 


2,620 


10 


1,429.40 


4,049.50 


1913 


27,333 


2,733 


30 


1,456.35 


4,189.65 


1914 


25,393 


2,539 


30 


1,278.85 


3,818.15 


1915 


22,538 


2,253 


80 


952.05 


3,205.85 


1916 


21,275 


2,127 


50 


867.30 


2,994.80 


1917 


23,014 


2,301 


40 


1,210.50 


3,511.90 


1918 


21,431 


2,143 


10 


1,037.30 


3,180.40 


1919 


12,495 


1,249 


50 


1,201.00 


2,450.50 



End of A. N. 

Sto well's 

Term 1,357,668 135,766.80 58,325.15194,191.95 



129 



Miss Dixon's Term from Jan. 1st, 1919 to Oct. 1st, 1923 



1919 


4,466 


446.60 


198.55 


645.15 


lyzu 






920 . 53 


3,249 . 23 


1921 


29,103 


3,910.30 


679.19 


3,589.49 


1922 


23,402 


2,340.20 


163.00 


2,503.20 


iyzo to 










June 1 . . . . 




9 90*^ /in 




2,203.40 


June 1 to 










Oct. 1st ... . 


19,012 


1,901.20 


7.95 


1,909.15 




121,304 


12,130.40 


1,969.22 


14,099.62 


Term: 










Stowell's . . . 


1,357,668 


135,766.80 


58,325.15 194,191.95 


Miss Dixon's 


121,304 


12,130.40 


1,969.22 


14,099.62 




1,478,970 


147,897.20 


60,294.37 208,291.57 



130 



SPECIAL MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE 
COMMITTEE OF GARFIELD NATIONAL MONU- 
MENT ASSOCIATION, held at 1201 Leader-News 
Building, Cleveland, Ohio, on Tuesday, September 18, 
1923. 

Present: Messrs. J. H. Wade, Andrew Squire and 
Abram Garfield, being all of the surviving members of said 
Committee. 

Mr. Andrew Squire presided and Mr. Abram Gar- 
field kept the minutes. 

Attention was called to the fact that a vacancy ex- 
isted in the office of Secretary and Treasurer, owing to 
the death of Mr. H. B. Corner. On motion duly made, 
seconded, put and unanimously carried, Mr. O. C. Nelson 
was elected Secretary and Treasurer to fill the vacancy. 

The Chairman then stated that the meeting had been 
convened primarily for the purpose of considering and 
acting upon the matter of conveying and transferring the 
property and assets of the Association to The Lake View 
Cemetery Association. After discussing the matter at 
some length, the following preamble and resolutions were 
unanimously adopted: 

WHEREAS, this Association was incorporated in the year 
1882 for the purpose of receiving contributions for and 
to erect and preserve a monument in Lake View Ceme- 
tery in memory of James A. Garfield, and 

WHEREAS, the Association did receive contributions for 
such purpose and did erect said memorial, which it has 
maintained for a long period of time, and 

WHEREAS, many of the members of the Board of Trus- 
tees have died and the remaining members are desirous of 
being relieved of the duties and obligations imposed upon 
them, and 

WHEREAS, The Lake View Cemetery Association of 
Cleveland, Ohio, is possessed of the requisite corporate 
powers and has the necessary facilities for the preserva- 
tion and care of said memorial, 

131 



NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the 
officers of this Association be and they are hereby fully 
authorized and empowered to convey all interests which 
the Association has or possesses in and to said memorial 
and the land upon which the same is located to The Lake 
View Cemetery Association, and also to transfer to said 
Lake View Cemetery Association the funds and securities 
now held by this Association for the care and mainte- 
nance of said memorial, less such amount thereof as the 
officers may deem necessary to retain for the purpose of 
meeting any existing indebtedness and the preparation of 
the report or history of the Association, such conveyance 
and transfer to be upon the condition that The Lake View 
Cemetery Association shall expressly assume the duty and 
obligation of caring for and preserving said premises, and 

RESOLVED, that the officers of this Association be and 
they are hereby authorized to join with The Lake View 
Cemetery Association in the execution of an instrument of 
conveyance and transfer in the form affixed to the minutes 
of this meeting, upon which the secretary is instructed to 
make suitable notation to identify the same with the 
minutes of this meeting; and 

RESOLVED, that the officers of this Association be and 
they are hereby fully authorized to do everything in their 
judgment necessary or proper to fully carry out the intent 
and purport of these resolutions. 

O. C. Nelson, 
Secretary. 

Andrew Squire, 
Chairman. 

Approved by: 

J. H. Wade, 
Andrew Squire, 
Abram Garfield. 

Board of Trustees. 



]32 



THIS INDENTURE, made and entered into at 
Cleveland, Ohio, this 1st day of October, A. D., 1923, by 
and between the Garfield National Monument Associa- 
tion, as first party, and The Lake View Cemetery Associa- 
tion of Cleveland, Ohio, as second party, 

WITNESSETH: 

WHEREAS, first party was organized under the laws 
of the State of Ohio in the year 1882, the purpose thereof 
being ''to receive contributions for and to erect and pre- 
serve a monument in Lake View Cemetery near Cleve- 
land, Ohio, in memory of James A. Garfield, and to hold 
the title to any real estate necessary or appropriate there- 
to," and in pursuance of such purpose it did receive con- 
tributions therefor and has erected a monument to the 
memory of the Late President Garfield, and 

WHEREAS, the surviving Trustees of said corpora- 
tion now deem it advisable to convey and transfer said 
memorial and other property of the Association to The 
Lake View Cemetery Association, an Ohio corporation, 
possessing the requisite power to receive such property 
and having the facilities necessary for the preservation 
and care of said memorial, 

NOW THEREFORE, this indenture further wit- 
nesseth: 

First: That the Garfield National Monument As- 
sociation, for and in consideration of the sum of One Dollar 
($1), the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, the 
covenants and agreements on the part of the second party 
to be performed and observed, as hereinafter set forth, 
and divers other good causes and considerations thereunto 
moving, has given, granted, remised, released and forever 
quit-claimed and does by these presents absolutely give, 
grant, remise, release and forever quit-claim unto the said 
The Lake View Cemetery Association of Cleveland, Ohio, 
its successors and assigns, all such rights and title as the 
said first party has or ought to have in and to Section 15 
on the plat of the grounds of said Lake View Cemetery 

133 



Association, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, 
being the same property deeded by the second party to 
the first party by an instrument of conveyance duly exe- 
cuted and dehvered on the 6th day of March, 1889, to- 
gether with the monument located upon said tract of land 
and all and singular the appurtenances thereunto belong- 
ing or in any wise appertaining. 

The said Garfield National Monument Association 
also sells, assigns and transfers unto said The Lake View 
Cemetery Association all its right, title and interest in and 
to the securities and moneys set forth in the schedule 
hereto attached, marked ''Exhibit A," and made a part 
hereof. 

Second: The Lake View Cemetery Association of 
Cleveland, Ohio, second party hereto, hereby accepts the 
conveyance of said real estate and memorial and the 
transfer of said securities and moneys, and expressly 
agrees that it will protect, maintain and care for said 
premises hereby conveyed and that it will at all times 
faithfully observe and perform the covenants and agree- 
ments herein contained to be by it observed and per- 
formed. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have 
caused this indenture to be executed in duplicate by their 
duly authorized officers, as of the day and year first herein 
written. 

Garfield National Monument Association, 
By Andrew Squire, Vice President. 
Attest: O. C. Nelson, Secretary. 

The Lake View Cemetery Association of 
Cleveland, Ohio, 

By Jerome B. Zerbe, Pres. 

Attest: Berton H. Couse, Secretary. 
13i 



• "EXHIBIT A." 
GARFIELD NATIONAL MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 

ASSETS 
August 20, 1923 



Folio 




Par 


On Books 




Market 


110 


Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 
1st 20 yr. 8% Bonds 


310,000310,531.64 


1 16 


f>l i,oUU . UU 


109 


N. Y. Cent. R. R. Co., 


15,000 


13,857.50 


104H 




108 


Government of United Kingdom 
Great Britain and Ireland, 
lOyr. 5H% 


20,000 


19,341.67 


102 K 


20,500.00 


104 


Amer. Tel. & Tel. Co., 

Convertible 7 yr. 6% 


15,000 


13,908.34 


115K 


17,287.50 


64 


Cleve. Stone Co. & Indiana 
Quarries Co., 

1st 6% 


10,000 


10,133.33 


100 


10,000.00 


58 


Cleve. Ry. Co., 

100 shares 


10,000 


10,375.00 


96 


9,600.00 


107 


The Glidden Co., 7% Cumu- 
lative Pfd., 

160 shares 


16,000 


16,140.00 


60 


9,600.00 


106 


Proctor & Gamble Co., 

150 shares 6% Pfd 


15,000 


15,052.50 


104 


15,600.00 


105 


The Grasselli Chemical Co., 
160 shares Pfd 


16,000 


16,323.00 


102 


16,320.00 


62 


Hoster Columbus Co., Inc., 




6,155.36 


8 


640.00 


32 


Cash, 

Union Tr. Co. Savings Acct. . . 


17,524.19 


17,524.19 




17,524.19 






144,524.19 149,342.53 




144,309.19 



RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE EXECUTIVE 
COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 
OF THE LAKE VIEW CEMETERY ASSOCI- 
ATION. 

RESOLVED, that the proper officers of this Associa- 
tion be and they are hereby authorized to join with the 
officers of the Garfield National Monument Association 
in the execution of an indenture whereby the Garfield 
memorial, the land upon which it is erected, and certain 
funds and securities of said Association are conveyed and 
transferred to this Association, said indenture containing 
the further provision that, as part of the consideration 
therefor, this Association shall assume the duty and obliga- 
tion of preserving and caring for said premises. 

135 



CERTIFICATE. 

I, Berton H. Couse, Secretary of The Lake View 
Cemetery Association of Cleveland, Ohio, do hereby cer- 
tify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of a 
resolution duly authorized by the Executive Committee 
of the Board of Trustees of said Association at their meet- 
ing held on the 1st day of October, 1923, at which meeting 
a quorum of said Committee was present. 

Berton H. Couse, 
Secretary, The Lake View Cemetery, 
Association of Cleveland, Ohio. 



136 



ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION 



OF THE 

GARFIELD NATIONAL MONUMENT 
ASSOCIATION 

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: 

That we, Charles Foster, R. B. Hayes, J. H. Wade, 
H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, G. P. Handy, Dan P. Eells, 
U. S. Streator, J. H. Devereux, Selah Chamberlain, John 
D. Rockefeller, H. B. Perkins, John Hay and J. H. 
Rhodes, citizens of Ohio, have hereby associated ourselves 
together under the Laws of Ohio, providing for the organ- 
ization and regulation of Incorporated Companies, and 
we do hereby agree and certify: 

Article I. The name of this corporation shall be 
"The Garfield National Monument Association." 

Article II. The principal office of said Association 
shall be at Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. 

Article III. The purpose of said Association shall 
be to receive contributions for, and to erect and preserve 
a monument in Lake View Cemetery, near Cleveland, 
Ohio, in memory of James A. Garfield, and to hold the 
title to any Real Estate necessary or appropriate thereto. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we hereunto affix our 
hands and seals, this 15th day of June, 1882. 

Charles Foster, [seal] U. S. Streator, [seal] 

R. B. Hayes, [seal] J. H. Devereux, [seal] 

J. H. Wade, [seal] SelahChamberlain, [seal] 

H. B. Payne, [seal] J. D. Rockefeller, [seal] 

Jos. Perkins, [seal] H. B. Perkins, [seal] 

G. P. Handy, [seal] John Hay, [seal] 

Dan p. Eells, [seal] J. H. Rhodes, [seal] 

STATE OF OHIO, ) r xt ^ i-v • 

Cuyahoga County. ss-P^f^-"^™^' ^ Notary Public in 
and for said County, personally appeared the within named 
J. H. Wade, H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, G. P. Handy, 

137 



Dan P. Eells, U. S. Streator, J. H. Devereaux, Selah 
Chamberlain, J. D. Rockefeller, H. B. Perkins, John Hay 
and J. H. Rhodes, who each acknowledged the signing and 
sealing of the within instrument and that the same is their 
free act and deed. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereunto afifix my hand 
and official seal, at Cleveland, Ohio, this day of June, 
1882. 

[SEAL] Henry P. McIntosh, 

Notary Public. 



THE STATE OF OHIO, ) ^ tt atit t^-^ -u ^i i 

> I, Henry W. Kitchen, Clerk 

CUYAHOGA COUNTY, SS. j 

of the Court of Common Pleas, a Court of Record of Cuya- 
hoga County, aforesaid, do hereby certify that Henry P. 
Mcintosh, before whom the annexed acknowledgment was 
taken, was, at the date thereof, a Notary Public in and 
for said County, duly authorized by the laws of Ohio to 
take the same, and that I am well acquainted with his 
handwriting and believe his signature thereto is genuine. 

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I hereunto subscribe 
my name and afifix the seal of said Court, at Cleveland, 
this 15th day of June, A. D., 1882. 

[SEALl Henry W. Kitchen, 

Clerk. 



STATE OF OHIO, ) o r xt ^ "d ur 

> Before me, a Notary Public 

SANDUSKY COUNTY, SS. j . 

in and for said County, personally appeared the within 
named R. B. Hayes, who did acknowledge the signing and 
reading of the within instrument and that the same is his 
free act and deed. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereunto afifix my hand 
and seal, at Fremont, Ohio, this 20th day of June, 1882. 

[SEAL] G. J. GlEBEL, Jr., 

Notary Public. 

138 



3S.j 



THE STATE OF OHIO, . t o -i tv/t i i e 

> I, Basil Meek, Clerk of the 

SANDUSKY COUNTY, SS. ' 

Court of Common Pleas, being a Court of Record, within 
and for the County and State aforesaid, do hereby certify, 
that G. J. Giebel, Jr., Esq., before whom the annexed 
instrument was acknowledged, was at the date thereof, a 
Notary Public within and for said County, duly commis- 
sioned and qualified, and by law authorized to take the 
same; that I know his handwriting, and verily believe his 
signature to said certificate of acknowledgment is genuine, 
and that the annexed instrument is executed and acknowl- 
edged according to the laws of the State of Ohio, and that 
full faith and credit are due to his official acts as such 
Notary Public. 

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set 
my hand and affixed the seal of said Court, at the City of 
Fremont, this 20th day of June, A. D., 1882. 

[SEAL] B. Meek, Clerk, 

per C. C. Meek, Deputy. 



STATE OF OHIO, ) 

FRANKLIN COUNTY, SS. j Before me, a Notary Public 
in and for said County, personally appeared the within 
named Charles Foster, who acknowledged the signing and 
sealing of the within instrument and that the same is his 
free act and deed. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereby affix my hand 
and official seal, at Columbus, O., this 22d day of June, 
A. D., 1882. 

[SEAL] Albert Allen, 

Notary Public. 



139 



THE STATE OF OHIO, 



I, Harvey Cashatt, Clerk of 



FRANKLIN COUNTY, SS. 



the Court of Common Pleas, which is a Court of Record 
within and for said County and State aforesaid, do hereby 
certify that Albert Allen is an acting Notary Public in and 
for said County, duly commissioned and sworn; that all 
his official acts as such are entitled to full faith and credit, 
and that at the time of the taking such acknowledgment 
he was authorized by the laws of said State of Ohio to take 
the acknowledgments and proofs of deeds or conveyances 
for lands, tenements or hereditaments in such State of 
Ohio; that the foregoing signature, purporting to be his, is 
true and genuine, and that the foregoing instrument is 
executed according to the laws of the State of Ohio. 

WITNESS MY HAND AND SEAL of said Court, 
this 22d day of June, A. D., 1882. 

[SEAL] Harvey Cashatt, 



OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE.) 

TOWNSEND, Secretary of State of the State of Ohio, do 
hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the 
Certificate of Incorporation of THE GARFIELD NA- 
TIONAL MONUMENT ASSOCIATION, filed in this 
office on the 22d day of June, A. D., 1882, and Recorded 
in Volume 25, Pages 28 of the Records of Incorporations. 

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto 
subscribed my name, and affixed my Seal of Office, at 
Columbus, the 23d day of June, A. D., 1882. 

[SEAL] Charles Townsend, 



Clerk. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, OHIO, 



I, CHARLES 



Secretary of State. 



140 



